张维友词汇学2-8单元课后练习答案-.doc

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1、Chapter2【练习答案】1.WhyshouldstudentsofEnglishlexicologystudytheIndo-EuropeanLanguageFamily?TheIndo-EuropeanLanguageFamilyisoneofthemostimportantlanguagefamiliesintheworld.ItismadeupofmostofthelanguagesofEurope,theNearEastandIndia.EnglishbelongstothisfamilyandtheothermembersoftheIndo-European

2、LanguageFamilyhavedifferentdegreesofinfluenceonEnglishvocabulary.AknowledgeoftheIndo-EuropeanLanguageFamilywillhelpusunderstandEnglishwordsbetterandusethemmoreappropriately.2.Makeatreediagramtoshowthefamilyrelationsofthemodernlanguagegivenbelow.Indo-EuropeanLanguageFamilyBalto-SlavicIndo-

3、IranianCelticItalianHellenicGermanicRoumanianHindiBretonSpanishGreekEnglishLithuanianPersianScottishFrenchSwedishPrussianIrishItalianGermanPolishPortugueseNorweigianSlavenianIcelandicRussianDanishBulgarianDutch3.Whatarethefundamentaldifferencesbetweenthevocabulariesofthethreeperiodsofdeve

4、lopment?Doyouthinkwecandividethehistoricaldevelopmentinotherways?Defendyourargument.Thevocabulariesofthethreeperiodsdiffergreatlyfromoneanother.OldEnglishhas(1)asmallvocabulary(50,000—60,000),(2)asmallnumberofborrowingsfromLatinandScandinavianonlyand(3)thewordsfullofendings.MiddleEnglishh

5、as(1)acomparativelylargevocabulary,(2)atremendousnumberofforeignwordsfromFrenchandLatinand(3)wordendingsleveled.ModernEnglishhas(1)ahugeandheterogeneousvocabulary,(2)tremendousborrowingsand(3)wordswithlostendings.Yes,wecandividethedevelopmentinotherways,forexample,OldEnglishperiodcanbecal

6、ledAnglo-Saxonperiod.AndMiddleEnglishmightstartfrom1066thetimeofNormanConquest.Butindoingso,thelogicalcontinuationofthethreephasesoftheoriginaldivisionislost.4.WhatcharacteristicsofEnglishmaketheEnglishlanguageheterogeneous?ItisreceptivityandadaptabilityoftheEnglishlanguagethatmakeitpossi

7、bleforEnglishtoborrowheavilyfromothermajorlanguagesoftheworld,sothattheEnglishvocabularyeventuallyhasbecomeheterogeneous.5.AccountforthepopularityofEnglishinthepresentworldfromalinguisticperspective.ThepopularityofEnglishliesinthefactthatEnglishisreadytoborrowfromot