张维友词汇学2-8单元课后练习答案-

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1、Chapter2【练习答案】1.WhyshouldstudentsofEnglishlexicologystudytheIndo-EuropeanLanguageFamily?TheIndo-EuropeanLanguageFamilyisoneofthemostimportantlanguagefamiliesintheworld.ItismadeupofmostofthelanguagesofEurope,theNearEastandIndia.Englishbelongstothisfamilyan

2、dtheothermembersoftheIndo-EuropeanLanguageFamilyhavedifferentdegreesofinfluenceonEnglishvocabulary.AknowledgeoftheIndo-EuropeanLanguageFamilywillhelpusunderstandEnglishwordsbetterandusethemmoreappropriately.2.Makeatreediagramtoshowthefamilyrelationsofthem

3、odernlanguagegivenbelow.Indo-EuropeanLanguageFamilyBalto-SlavicIndo-IranianCelticItalianHellenicGermanicRoumanianHindiBretonSpanishGreekEnglishLithuanianPersianScottishFrenchSwedishPrussianIrishItalianGermanPolishPortugueseNorweigianSlavenianIcelandicRuss

4、ianDanishBulgarianDutch3.Whatarethefundamentaldifferencesbetweenthevocabulariesofthethreeperiodsofdevelopment?Doyouthinkwecandividethehistoricaldevelopmentinotherways?Defendyourargument.Thevocabulariesofthethreeperiodsdiffergreatlyfromoneanother.OldEnglis

5、hhas(1)asmallvocabulary(50,000—60,000),(2)asmallnumberofborrowingsfromLatinandScandinavianonlyand(3)thewordsfullofendings.MiddleEnglishhas(1)acomparativelylargevocabulary,(2)atremendousnumberofforeignwordsfromFrenchandLatinand(3)wordendingsleveled.ModernE

6、nglishhas(1)ahugeandheterogeneousvocabulary,(2)tremendousborrowingsand(3)wordswithlostendings.Yes,wecandividethedevelopmentinotherways,forexample,OldEnglishperiodcanbecalledAnglo-Saxonperiod.AndMiddleEnglishmightstartfrom1066thetimeofNormanConquest.Butind

7、oingso,thelogicalcontinuationofthethreephasesoftheoriginaldivisionislost.4.WhatcharacteristicsofEnglishmaketheEnglishlanguageheterogeneous?ItisreceptivityandadaptabilityoftheEnglishlanguagethatmakeitpossibleforEnglishtoborrowheavilyfromothermajorlanguages

8、oftheworld,sothattheEnglishvocabularyeventuallyhasbecomeheterogeneous.5.AccountforthepopularityofEnglishinthepresentworldfromalinguisticperspective.ThepopularityofEnglishliesinthefactthatEnglishisreadytoborrowfromot