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1、Lexicology魏冕2013.9.17Chapter2TheDevelopmentoftheEnglishVocabularyWhydowelearnthischapter?Toanswerthequestionslike:1.WheredoestheEnglishlanguagecomefrom?2.InwhatwayisEnglishrelatedtootherlanguages?3.WhytheGermanicdialectsknownasEnglishnow?4.Whatisthesizeofthevocabularyofthefirstse
2、ttlers?5.Howhasitdevelopedintowhatisnowahugemodernvocabulary?6.WhatinfluencedootherlanguageshaveonEnglish?2.1TheIndo-EuropeanLanguageFamilyEurope，theNearEast，IndiaTenprincipalgroups:theEasternset:Balto–Slavic斯拉夫语Indo-Iranian印度伊朗语ArmenianandAlbanian亚美尼亚语theWesternset:Celtic凯尔特语Ita
3、lic意大利语Hellenic希腊语Germanic日耳曼语Hittite赫梯语Tocharian吐火罗语theEastsetArmenianandAlbanianarethesolemodernlanguageinthetworepectivefamilies.TheBalto-Slavic:Prussian,Lithuanian,Polish,Czech,Bulgarian,SlovenianandRussian.TheIndo-Iranian:Perisan,Bengali,Hindi,Romany(derivedfromthedeadlangua
4、geSanskrit.theWesternsetHittiteandTocharianfindnodescendantsoftheirown.Hellenic:GreekCeltic:Scottish,Irish,Welsh,Cornish,BretonandPictish.Italic:Portuguese,Spanish,French,ItalianandRoumanianGermanic:Norwegian,Icelandic,Danish,Swedish(Scandinavian),German,Dutch,FlemishandEnglish.2
5、.2ThreePhasesoftheHistoricalDevelopment1）OldEnglish（450-1150）totally50,000-60,000wordsThe1stpeopleknowntoinhabitEnglandwereCelts,thelanguagewasCeltic.ThesecondlanguagewastheLatinoftheRomanLegions.TheGermanictribescalledangles,SaxonsandJutesandtheirlanguage,Anglo-Saxondominatedand
6、blottedouttheCeltic.NowpeoplerefertoAnglo-SaxonasoldEnglish.Attheendof6thcentury,theintroductionofChristianityhasagreatimpactontheEnglishvocabulary.Inthe9thcentury,manyScandinavianwordscameintoEnglish.Atleast900wordsofScandinavianareinmodernEnglish,ourdailylifeandspeech.特点：highly
7、inflectedlanguage,complexendingsorvowelchanges（fullending）2）MiddleEnglish（1150-1500）English,Latin,FrenchUntil1066,althoughtherewereborrowingsfromLatin,theinfluenceonEnglishwasmainlyGermanic.ButtheNormanConqueststartedacontinualflowofFrenchwordsintoEnglish.Bytheendofthe13thcentury
8、,Englishgraduallycomebackintopublicareas
