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1、ThefourthclassThefirstperiod&thesecondperiodTheme/Rheme(主位、述位)TheconceptofTheme&RhemeAsweknow,intheprocessoftextproduction,theproducerscanonlychooseonesinglelexicalitemtoputitintothesentenceandthenorganizetheserespectivesentencesintoatext.Actually,whatthetheoryofthemeand
2、rhemedescribesisjustaspeakerorwriterchoicemadeindependentlyofthepropositional(陈述的,主张的)contentofthemessage.Inotherwords,wecansayitisadecisionmadebyspeakerorwriteronhowtoorganizetheinformation,wheretostart,sotospeak,inpresentingthemessage.*Theconceptofthemeandrhemewasfirst
3、putforwardbyMathesius(马泰休斯),oneofthefoundersofthePragueSchool(布拉格学派).1)Hispurposetoproposethemeandrhemelayinstudyingdifferentrolesplayedbydifferentelementsofsentencesinlanguagecommunication2)Hefoundthattheelementinthefrontoftheclauseplayedaspecialroleintheprocessofthecom
4、municationandthisspecialrolewastoserveasastartingpointforwhataspeakerorwriterwantstosay.3)Mathesiuscalledtheelementinthefrontoftheclause“theme”whiletherestpartoftheclause“rheme”.4)Hepointedoutthatthemegenerallyconveyedgiveninformationwhilerhemenew.ThePragueschool’sterms
5、ofthemeandrhemeareacceptedbythesystemic-functionalschool(系统功能学派).Now,let’slookatHalliday’sviewpointontheme&rheme.TheThemeistheelementwhichservesasthepointofdepartureofthemessage;itisthatwithwhichtheclauseisconcerned.Theremainderofthemessage,thepartinwhichthethemeisdevelo
6、ped,iscalledinPragueSchoolterminologytheRheme.Asamessagestructure,therefore,aclauseconsistsofathemeaccompaniedbyarheme;andthestructureisexpressedbytheorder-whateverischosenasthethemeisputfirst.---Halliday是从功能而不是从成分分布的角度对主位进行界定的。他认为:主位是信息(message)的起点(pointofdeparture),是小句
7、所关心的成分(theelementwithwhichtheclauseisconcerned)。述位一般是句子的信息中心(informationfocus)所在,即句子所要表达的最重要的新信息。Accordingtothedegreeofthecomplexityofthethemeitself,Hallidaydividedthemesintothreecategories,say,simpletheme(单项主位),clausetheme(句项主位),andmultipletheme(复项主位).Simpletheme:refers
8、tothethemeofaclauseconsistingofjustonestructuralelement,withneitherinterpersonalnortextualtheme.Thestru