《从主位到述位》PPT课件

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1、FromThemetoThematization主位作为小句信息的出发点，在语篇的组织和发展中发挥着重要的作用。就主位成分的确定而言，目前存在着不同的观点。同时，根据不同的分类标准，主位被划分为不同的类型。因此，有必要对主位这一概念以及不同类型主位的语篇功能进行梳理，并对主位的生成机制，即主位化，进行探讨。讲座主要包括以下几个方面：主位的确定主位与语篇的展开模式主位与述位的互动标记主位复项主位的结构模式宏观主位与超级主位强势主位主位化1.主位、主位结构、信息结构柏拉图（c.427-347BC）以意

2、义为基础将词划分为主词（ōnoma）和述词（rhēma）两大类。这两个词类分别与现代语言学中的名词和动词相对应，这一划分似乎与功能语言学中的主位（theme）和述位（rheme）有着相同的渊源关系。FirstproposedbyMathesiusin1939,theThemeis“thatwhichisknownoratleastobviousinthegivensituationandfromwhichthespeakerproceeds”(translatedbyFirbas1964:268)

3、.CombiningApproach:theconceptsofthematicandinformationstructurearecombined.(Fries1981:117)AccordingtoHalliday(1994:37),Themeis“theelementwhichservesasthepointofdepartureofthemessage;itisthatwithwhichtheclauseisconcerned”.Halliday(1970:161):Thepegonwhi

4、chthemessageishung.Fries(1993:338):Themesprovides“aframeworkfortheinterpretationoftheclause”.InEnglish,thiselementalwaystakesthefirstpositionofaclause.TheroomismuchbiggerthanIexpected.Unfortunately,thetrainwaslate.OnSunday,wegetuplate.SeparatingApproa

5、ch:theconceptsofthematicandinformationstructureareseparated.(Fries1981:117)InformationwhichisknownoratleastobviousinthegivensituationisinterpretedasGivenintheoppositionGiven-New.Ontheotherhand,informationfromwhichthespeakerproceedsinhisdiscourseiscall

6、edThemeandentersintothestructuralrelationTheme-Rheme.(Fries1983)Halliday（1967）Given:WhatyouweretalkingaboutorWhatIwastalkingaboutTheme:WhatIamtalkingaboutorWhatIamtalkingaboutnowThetwodonotnecessarilycoincide.Halliday(1994)InEnglish,theclauseisorganiz

7、edtextuallyintotwosimultaneousmessagelines,oneofTheme+Rheme,andoneofGiven+New.Theme+Rhemeisorientedtowardsthespeaker,i.e.itpresentsinformationfromthespeaker’sangle.Given+Newisorientedtowardsthelistener,i.e.itpresentsinformationfromthehearer’sangle.The

8、ThemeiswhatI,thespeakerchoosetotakeasmypointofdeparture.TheGiveniswhatyou,thelistener,alreadyknowaboutorhaveaccessibletoyou.(Halliday&Matthiessen2004:93)TheThemeandNewarerealizedinquitedifferentways:theThemebyfirstpositionintheclause;theNewpro