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ID:20718557
大小:1.87 MB
页数:64页
时间:2018-10-15
《语言学教案主位与述位》由会员上传分享,免费在线阅读,更多相关内容在教育资源-天天文库。
1、Theme(主位)andRheme(述位)Wemaketheworldaroundusbetter.ThemeRhemeExperientialthemeTextualthemeInterpersonalthemeeg.Hello,John!Youknowwhat?Teddydiedinthemountainswhenhewastravelling.从语篇功能角度看,“每个小句和小句复合体的出发点都是主位(theme,后面以T表示)”(黄国文2001:97)。主位后面剩下的就是述位(rheme,后面以R表示)。因此主位结构一般为“主位∧述位”(∧表示
2、左边的成分比右边的成分早出现)。例1就是“John∧beatJane”。主位分标记性和无标记性之分(Halliday1985a,b,1994)。请比较:1a)John∧beatJane.(无标记主位,即正常形式或一致式(congruentform))1b)Jane∧Johnbeathard.(标记主位:宾语提前)1c)John∧beatJaneveryhard.(无标记主位)1d)Veryhard∧JohnbeatJane.(标记主位:状语提前)1e)Why∧didJohnbeatJaneyesterday?(无标记主位)1f)Yesterday∧w
3、hydidJohnbeatJane?(标记主位:因为它不以wh-词开头)1g)Beat∧Jane,veryhard,John.(无标记主位)1h)John,∧beatJaneveryhard.(标记主位:不以动词原形或Don’t+动词原形开头)1i)Veryhard,∧beatJaneveryhard,John.(标记主位:同1h)多重主位(multipletheme)的情况更复杂(姑且假设上例都是简单主位)。我们把上例变为1j)But,∧youknow,∧John∧beatJane.鸡不吃了。鸡,不吃了。鸡,我不吃了。我不吃鸡了。我,鸡不吃了。我,
4、鸡,不吃了。鸡,我,不吃了。PresuppositionandassertionJohnbeatJane.主语谓语前提声言(你认识的那个John)(你不知道吧?)Sentencetypes:Quirketal(1972)SV:Marydied.SVC:Maryislunatic.SVA:Marywashere.SVO:Marykilledherhusband.SVOC:Mary’shusbandmadeherlunatic.SVOA:Marykilledherhusbandwithherbarehands.SVOO:Mary’shusbandleft
5、hernothingbutahut.extensionofsentences:Conjoining:IboughtacomputerandIfoundithadnoharddisks.Embedding:Iboughtacomputerwhichifoundhadnoharddisks.Recursiveness:Thecomputerthathadnoharddiskswhichcanbeusedforinfinitedatastorageisgone.CohesionRepetition:Marykilledherhusband.Marywasa
6、rrestedayearlater.Reference:Marykilledherhusband.Shewasarrestedayearlater.Substitution:Marykilledherhusband.Thewomanwasarrestedayearlater.Ellipsis:Marykilledherhusbandandwasarrestedayearlater.Logicalconnection:Marykilledherhusband.Ironicallyshewasarrestedayearlater.Lexicalcollo
7、cation:Marykilledherhusband.Thelunaticwasarrestedayearlater.(seesubstitution)Whataboutthese?Theywentintoahouse.Nolight.Thewindowswereallopen.Iputmybikeinacorner.FiveminuteslaterIcameback.Itwasstillthereallright.Butthechainwasbroken,andthetireswereasflatasmyselfforIwashungry.语篇的
8、衔接和连贯是语篇研究的核心。——胡壮麟1998:iii语篇指任何不完全受句子语法约束的在一定语境下表示完整语
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