生产与运作管理(英文)课件.ppt

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1、Chapter8LocationPlanningandAnalysisTheNeedforLocationDecisionsLocationdecisionsariseforavarietyofreasons:AdditionofnewfacilitiesAspartofamarketingstrategytoexpandmarketsGrowthindemandthatcannotbesatisfiedbyexpandingexistingfacilitiesDepletionofbasicinputsrequiresrelocationShiftinmarketsCostofdoi

2、ngbusinessataparticularlocationmakesrelocationattractiveLocationDecisions:StrategicallyImportantLocationdecisions:Arecloselytiedtoanorganization’sstrategiesLow-costConveniencetoattractmarketshareEffectcapacityandflexibilityRepresentalong-termcommitmentofresourcesEffectinvestmentrequirements,oper

3、atingcosts,revenues,andoperationsImpactcompetitiveadvantageImportancetosupplychainsLocationDecisions:ObjectivesLocationdecisionsarebasedon:ProfitpotentialorcostandcustomerserviceFindinganumberofacceptablelocationsfromwhichtochoosePositioninthesupplychainEnd:accessibility,consumerdemographics,tra

4、fficpatterns,andlocalcustomsareimportantMiddle:locatenearsuppliersormarketsBeginning:locatenearthesourceofrawmaterialsWeb-basedretailorganizationsareeffectivelylocationindependentSupplychainmanagementissuessuchassupplychainconfigurationCentralizedvs.decentralizeddistributionLocation:OptionsExist

5、ingcompaniesgenerallyhavefouroptionsavailableinlocationplanning:ExpandanexistingfacilityAddnewlocationswhileretainingexistingfacilitiesShutdownonelocationandmovetoanotherDonothingLocationDecision:GeneralProcedureSteps:DecideonthecriteriatouseforevaluatinglocationalternativesIdentifyimportantfact

6、ors,suchaslocationofmarketsorrawmaterialsDeveloplocationalternativesIdentifythecountryorcountriesforlocationIdentifythegeneralregionforlocationIdentifyasmallnumberofcommunityalternativesIdentifythesitealternativesamongthecommunityalternativesEvaluatethealternativesandmakeadecisionGlobalLocation:

7、FacilitatingFactorsTwokeyfactorshavecontributedtotheattractivenessofglobalization:TradeAgreementssuchasNorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreement(NAFTA)GeneralAgreementonTarriffsandTrade(GATT)U.S.-ChinaTradeRelationsActEUandWTOeffortst