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1、MotivatingandRewardingEmployees激励与奖酬员工LEARNINGOUTCOMESDescribethemotivationprocess.Defineneeds.Explainthehierarchyofneedstheory.DifferentiateTheoryXfromTheoryY.Explainthemotivationalimplicationsofthemotivation-hygienetheory.Describethemotivationalimplicationsofequitytheory.Ex
2、plainthekeyrelationshipsinexpectancytheory.Describehowmanagerscandesignindividualjobstomaximizeemployeeperformance.Afterreadingthischapter,youwillbeableto:LEARNINGOUTCOMES(cont’d)Explaintheeffectofworkforcediversityonmotivationalpractices.Describehowentrepreneursmotivatetheir
3、employees.Afterreadingthischapter,youwillbeableto:WhatisMotivation?Motivation(动机)Istheresultofaninteractionbetweenthepersonandasituation;itisnotapersonaltrait.Istheprocessbywhichaperson’seffortsareenergized,directed,andsustainedtowardsattainingagoal.Energy:ameasureofintensity
4、ordrive.Direction:towardorganizationalgoalsPersistence:exertingefforttoachievegoals.Motivationworksbestwhenindividualneedsarecompatiblewithorganizationalgoals.EarlyTheoriesofMotivationMaslow’sHierarchyofNeedsMacGregor’sTheoriesXandYHerzberg’sTwo-FactorTheoryEarlyTheoriesOfMot
5、ivationMaslow’sHierarchyofNeedsTheory(需要层级理论)Needswerecategorizedasfivelevelsoflower-tohigher-orderneeds.Individualsmustsatisfylower-orderneedsbeforetheycansatisfyhigherorderneeds.Satisfiedneedswillnolongermotivate.Motivatingapersondependsonknowingatwhatlevelthatpersonisonthe
6、hierarchy.HierarchyofneedsLower-order(external)Physiological生理:food,drink,shelter,sexSafety安全:physicalsafetyHigher-order(internal)Social社会:affiliationwithothers,affection,friendshipEsteem自尊:Internal(self-respect,autonomy,andachievement);external(status,recognition,andattentio
7、n)Self-actualization自我实现:personalgrowthandfulfillmentEXHIBIT10–1Maslow’sHierarchyofNeedsSource:MotivationandPersonality,2nded.,byA.H.Maslow,1970. ReprintedbypermissionofPrenticeHall,Inc.,UpperSaddleRiver,NewJersey.7©2011PrenticeHall,Inc.Allrightsreserved.EarlyTheoriesOfMotiva
8、tion(cont’d)McGregor’sTheoryXandTheoryYTheoryXTheassumptionthatemplo
