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1、ThemainmethodsandapproachesinEnglishteachingCompare,contrastandcriticallyevaluatethemainmethodsandapproachesthathavebeenusedinEnglishlanguageteaching,commentontheextenttowhicheachofthesecanbeusedinyourfutureteachingpractice.IntroductionLanguageteachinghasalong,fascinating,butr
2、athertortuoushistory.Forovercenturies,therearealotofmethodsandapproachesinlanguageteaching.(Stern,1984)Butinthisessay,onlyfivemainmethodsandapproachesarediscussedfordevelopmentsinlinguistics,psychology,pedagogy,andsecondlanguageacquisitionresearchhavecastlightonwhatismorelikel
3、yandlesslikelytowork.Theyarethegrammar-translationmethod,thedirectmethod,theaudio-lingualmethod,situationallanguageteaching,communicativelanguageteaching.Wewillfocusontheirdevelopment,principalcharacteristics,advantagesanddrawbacks.Theimplicationforthemethodsandapproachesinmyf
4、utureteachingpracticewillbeintroducedbriefly.1.TheGrammar-translationMethod1.1TheDevelopmentThegrammar-translationmethodisoneofthemosttraditionalmethods,datingbacktothelatenineteenthandearlytwentiethcenturies.ItwasoriginallyusedtoteachLatinandGreekwhicharenottaughtforeverydayc
5、ommunication.HoweverthemethodwasgraduallygeneralizedtoteachlivingormodernlanguagessuchasEnglishorFrench,etc.IthasbeenusedbyteachersofEnglishforaboutahundredyears.1.2ThePrincipalCharacteristicsThegoalofthemethodistoreadandtranslatetheliterarymasterpiecesandclassics,nottocommuni
6、cateinthedailylife.Grammaticalrulesaretaughtdeductivelyinclass;readingandwritingaremainlyfocused;vocabularyistaughtintheformofisolatedwordlists;noattentionispaidtospeakingandlistening;littleattentionispaidtopronunciation;readingofdifficulttextsisbegunearlyinthecourseofstudy;se
7、ntencesarethebasicunitofteachingandlanguagepractice;many`ofthelessonsaredevotedtotranslatingsentencesintoandoutofthetargetlanguage;writtenaccuracyisemphasized.Alsopeople’snativelanguageisthemediumofinstruction.Itisoftenusedtoexplainthenewlanguageitems.Anditfacilitateslearningt
8、hroughattentiontosimilaritiesbetweenthetargetlanguageandthena
