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1、汉英姓氏和称谓语的习俗对比AComparisonofnamesandformsofaddressbetweenChineseandEnglish摘要：姓名是社会上人们籍以相互区别的标志，不同的国家，不同的语言，有着不同的姓氏习俗和称谓体系。本文讨论了汉英姓氏的历史渊源以及称谓语的异同点，这可以避免跨文化交际中的陷阱，达到有效的交际。关键词：姓氏习俗，称谓语，异同点，文化差异。Namesrefertothewordsthatsomeoneiscalledorknownby.Namesincludegivennames,sur
2、names,fullnames,withorwithoutatitle,andnicknamesorpetnames.ChinesenamesconsistsofsurnameplusgivennamewithsurnamesputfirstwhereasEnglishnameshavesurnamescomingfirst.Inthefollowing,wewouldliketodiscussthesourceofsurnameandnaminghabitsinbothlanguages.I.Surname1.Chine
3、sesurname1.1HistoryTheconventionofbearingasurnameinChinesecanbetracedto“伏羲氏”，“正姓氏别婚姻”，soChinesesurnamehasahistoryofatleast5000years.Thepresent“姓”isactuallythecombinationof“姓”and“氏”。FromtheancienttimestotheearlyperiodofChin“姓”and“氏”aretwodifferentconcept.Originally
4、,“姓”isthesymbolofatribe,itderivesfromthematriarchy.Itisusedidentifythematernalrelationship.Therefore,wecanfind“女”intheformativepartofthecharacter“姓”,andalsomanyothercharactersofsurnames,suchas“姚，姒，姬，姜，妫”.Astimeelapsed,withthegrowingofpopulation,onetribesubdividedi
5、ntoseveralbranches,witheachbranchhavingitsownsymbol,that’s“氏”.DuringtheWarringPeriod,peopleusuallyused“姓”insteadof“氏”.Graduallythedividebetween“姓”and“氏”becamevague,andtwocombinedintooneconcept,thatisthepresentsurname.1.2SourcesChinesesurnamesweredrawnmainlyfromthe
6、followingsources.1.2.1Ancestor’stitlesconferredaftertheydied,suchas“庄”王，“哀”公.1.2.2Ancestor’snobletitles,suchas王,公,侯.1.2.3Ancestor’sofficaltitles,suchas司马,司徒,帅,尉,司空.1.2.4Ancestor’scharacterorgivenname,郑国的公子“偃”,字“子游”,hisson’ssurnamewas“游”.1.2.5Thekingdomstheirancest
7、orfounded,suchas齐,鲁,秦,晋.1.2.6Theplacetheylived,suchas西门,南宫.1.2.7Theoccupation,suchas陶、卜、巫、商、乐.1.2.8Ancestor’stotem,suchastheanimalsornaturalphenomenatheirancestorsworshipped“云,龙,熊,牛,马,羊,鹿”.TheChinesepeoplehavebeenaccustomedtotheexpression“百家姓”,eventhoughmore100sur
8、namescanbefoundedinChinese.Accordingto《新编千家姓》editedby,thereare3017surnamesincludingthetwocharacterssurnames.Anotherbook《中国字符》publishedin台湾,thereare6363s
