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1、Chapter2Morphologicalstructureandword-formationTeachingObjectives:Discussmorphemes,theirclassificationandidentification;Explaintherelationshipbetweenmorphemesandword-formation.TeachingFocus:Definitionofmorphemes&allomorphs;Typesofmorphemes:freemorpheme&boundmorpheme;Definitionsofroot,stemand
2、base.2.1ThecomponentpartsofawordMorpheme1.Definition:theminimalsignificantelement,thesmallestunitofgrammaticalanalysis,havingorshowingagrammaticalfunction(-s,-ment,-ed…).OtherdefinitionsofamorphemeThemorpheme(词素)isthesmallestmeaningfullinguisticunitoflanguage,notdivisibleoranalyzableintosmal
3、lerforms.Morpheme2.AnalysingmorphemeWordsarecomposedofmorphemes.e.g.Onemorphemeword:cat,dog,desk,clerk,watch,etc.Twomorphemeword:lovely,worker,enable,etc.Threemorphemeword:unacceptable,inability,etc.Fourormoremorphemeword:officer-in-charge,amanofletters,unacceptability,decentralize,etc.Let’s
4、taketheword“nation”forexample:Onemorpheme:nationTwomorphemes:nation-alThreemorphemes:nation-al-izeFourmorphemes:de-nation-al-ize3.IdentifyingMorphemesHowtoidentifymorphemes?Theyshouldbeidentifiablebytheirforms,meaninganddistribution.e.g.mono-morphemic:skydouble-morphemic:chill+y,boy+ishtripl
5、e-morphemic:un+dress+edfour-morphemic:un+fruit+ful+nessover-four-morphemic:un+gentle+man+li+ness2.2ContentMorphemes,GrammaticalMorphemes&AllomorphsClassificationsofMorphemesfreevs.boundmorphemesintermsoftheircapacitytooccuraloneornotcontent/lexicalvs.grammaticalmorphemeonasemanticandsyntacti
6、cbasisderivationalvs.inflectionalmorphemes applyingtoaffixesonly1)Freevs.BoundMorphemesMorphemeswhichareindependentofothermorphemesarefree.Freemorphemeshavecompletemeaningsinthemselvesandcanbeusedasfreegrammaticalunitsinsentences.自由语素是能独立运用的语素，它有完整的意义，在句中充当一个自由的语法单位。e.g.:man,wind,open,tour,e
7、tc.Morphemeswhichcannotoccurasseparatewordsarebound.Theyareboundtoothermorphemestoformwordsortoperformaparticulargrammaticalfunction.粘着语素/形位不能独立成词，只能依附于其他语素上以构成词或担当一定的语法功能。Freemorphemesareallroots/freeroots,whicharecapableofbeingusedaswordsorasword
