英语专业词汇学第8章

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1、Chapter8EnglishIdiomObjectives:Todiscussthecharacteristicsofidioms;Toexplaintheirclassificationanduses.TeachingFocus:TheCharacteristicsofIdiomsTheClassificationofIdomsTheUsesofIdiomsDefinitionIdiomisasetexpressionmadeupoftwoormorewords;itfunctionsasaunitofm

2、eaningwhichcannotbepredictedfromitsliteralmeaningofitscomponentwords.作为一个意义单位使用的，意义不能从其独立的组成部分得出的一种表达法。Forexample,theidiom“showthewhitefeather”means“toshowfear”,andthemeaningofthisidiomhasnothingtodowith“feather”.I.CharacteristicsofIdioms1.SemanticUnity语义的整

3、体性Semanticunity:thesenseofthecombinationcannotbeexplainedintermsofitsconstituentparts.Eachidiomisasemanticunity.Thesemanticunitycanbereflectedbythefactthatthemeaningofanidiomisveryoftennotthetotalsumofthemeaningsoftheconstituentwords.Thesemanticunitycanalso

4、beshownintheillogicalrelationsbetweentheliteralmeaningsoftheconstituentwordsandthemeaningoftheidiom.structurallyanalyzed,theformofanidiomissetandonlyalimitednumberofidiomscanbesaidorwritteninanyotherwaywithoutdestroyingthemeaningoftheidiom.e.g.inthesameboat

5、?inthesameshipStructuralstabilitymeansthatthestructureofanidiomusuallyremainsunchangeable.Inotherwords,theconstituentcomponentsofanidiomcannot,generallyspeaking,bereplaced.2.StructuralStability结构的固定性Theconstituentsofidiomscannotbechangedorreplaced.习语的成分不能替换

6、。Thewordordercannotbeinvertedorchanged.习语的词序不可颠倒或更换。Theconstituentsofanidiomcannotbedeletedoraddedto,notevenanarticle.习语的构成成分不可增减，即使是冠词也不行。Ｍanyidiomsaregrammaticallyunanalysable.很多习语在语法上是不可分析的。II.ClassificationofIdiomsAccordingtogrammaticalfunction,idiomsca

7、nbedividedinto5types:1.IdiomsVerbalinNature2.IdiomsNominalinNature3.IdiomsAdjectivalinNature4.IdiomsAdverbialinNature5.SentenceIdioms1.IdiomsVerbalinNature动词性习语：Theyfunctionasverbsinasentence.e.g.:putdowntoturnongetawaywithdosb.browndoupbrownFormationofVerb

8、alIdiomsA.Verb+Particleputout(disturb),makeout(understand),getaround(avoid),getat(attack),castaboutfor(trytofind),catchupon(overtake)B.Verb+Nounmisstheboat(failthroughslowness),jumpthegun(startbeforeyo