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1、..Unit2SociologicalInvestigationTextAPreparatoryWork(1)Experiment:variable,hypothesis,stimulus,controlgroupSurveyResearch:sampling,questionnaire,interview,close-endedquestions,open-endedquestions,codesheet,telephonesurveyFieldResearch:observation,participantAnalysisofExistingData:contentanalys
2、is,statistics(2)Hawthorneeffect:TheHawthorneeffect(alsoreferredtoastheobservereffect)isatypeofreactivityinwhichindividualsmodifyorimproveanaspectoftheirbehaviorinresponsetotheirawarenessofbeingobserved.TheoriginalresearchattheHawthorneWorksinCicero,Illinois,onlightingchangesandworkstructurecha
3、ngessuchasworkinghoursandbreaktimeswereoriginallyinterpretedbyEltonMayoandotherstomeanthatpayingattentiontooverallworkerneedswouldimproveproductivity.Thisinterpretationwasdubbed“theHawthorneeffect”.(3)(open)TeachingSuggestionYoucanusethedatabanksofthetwointernationalorganizationstocheckoutthew
4、orldoranyparticularcountry’sinformationintermsofGDP,population,territoryarea,humandevelopmentindexetc.TheUnitedNations(.un.org/en/):datapage:data.un.org/TheWorldBank(.worldbank.org/):data.worldbank.org/YoucanalsousethewebsiteoftheStatisticalBureauofChinatocheckoutanystatisticalinformationabout
5、China:.stats.gov.cn/CriticalReadingI.Understandingthetext1.Thesis:HowSociologyIsDone(Researchmethods/techniquesemployedinsociology)PartPara(s).MainideaIIntroduction1SociologyasascienceanditsmainresearchmethodsIIHowdoyouknowwhatyouknow?2-9Authority,tradition,religion,personalexperience,andmysti
6、cismV.S.scientificmethodsIIITheexperiment10-14Itisaresearchtechniquein..下载可编辑....whichtheresearchermanipulatesastimulustotesttheoriesofcauseandeffect.IVSurveyresearch15-22Itisusedanddesignedtostudysamplesinordertomeasureattitudes,beliefs,values,personalitytraits,andbehaviorofparticipants.VFiel
7、dresearch23-29Itismostlyresemblesourdailycasualobservationsofandparticipationinsocialbehavior,aswellasourattempttounderstandsuchbehavior.VIAnalysisofexistingdata30-36It’samethodinwhichsociologistsanalyzedataoriginallycollectedbyothersVI
