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1、Unit2SociologicalInvestigationTextAPreparatoryWork(1)Experiment:variable,hypothesis,stimulus,controlgroupSurveyResearch:sampling,questionnaire,interview,close-endedquestions,open-endedquestions,codesheet,telephonesurveyFieldResearch:observation,participa
2、ntAnalysisofExistingData:contentanalysis,statistics(2)Hawthorneeffect:TheHawthorneeffect(alsoreferredtoastheobservereffect)isatypeofreactivityinwhichindividualsmodifyorimproveanaspectoftheirbehaviorinresponsetotheirawarenessofbeingobserved.Theoriginalres
3、earchattheHawthorneWorksinCicero,Illinois,onlightingchangesandworkstructurechangessuchasworkinghoursandbreaktimeswereoriginallyinterpretedbyEltonMayoandotherstomeanthatpayingattentiontooverallworkerneedswouldimproveproductivity.Thisinterpretationwasdubbe
4、d“theHawthorneeffect”.(3)(open)TeachingSuggestionYoucanusethedatabanksofthetwointernationalorganizationstocheckouttheworldoranyparticularcountry’sinformationintermsofGDP,population,territoryarea,humandevelopmentindexetc.TheUnitedNations(http://www.un.org
5、/en/):datapage:http://data.un.org/TheWorldBank(http://www.worldbank.org/):http://data.worldbank.org/YoucanalsousethewebsiteoftheStatisticalBureauofChinatocheckoutanystatisticalinformationaboutChina:http://www.stats.gov.cn/CriticalReadingI.Understandingth
6、etext1.Thesis:HowSociologyIsDone(Researchmethods/techniquesemployedinsociology)PartPara(s).MainideaIIntroduction1SociologyasascienceanditsmainresearchmethodsIIHowdoyouknowwhatyouknow?2-9Authority,tradition,religion,personalexperience,andmysticismV.S.scie
7、ntificmethodsIIITheexperiment10-14Itisaresearchtechniqueinwhichtheresearchermanipulatesastimulustotesttheoriesofcauseandeffect.IVSurveyresearch15-22Itisusedanddesignedtostudysamplesinordertomeasureattitudes,beliefs,values,personalitytraits,andbehaviorofp
8、articipants.VFieldresearch23-29Itismostlyresemblesourdailycasualobservationsofandparticipationinsocialbehavior,aswellasourattempttounderstandsuchbehavior.VIAnalysisofexistingdata30-36It’samethodinwhichsociologistsanalyzeda
