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1、ChapterThreePreferences消费者偏好WhereAreWeintheCourse?Wearestudyingthe1stofthethreeblocksofmicroeconomics:Consumerbehavior,productiontheory,andmarketequilibriumWithinthe1stblock,weareworkingonthe2ndofthethreecomponents:choiceset,preference,andconsumerdemandWhatDoWeMeanbyPrefer
2、ence?(偏好)Itreferstotheorderedrelationshipamongalternativechoicesgivenbyaneconomicagent.Inmosteconomicliterature,consumerpreferenceistreatedastheultimateexogenouselement.PreferenceRelationsComparingtwodifferentconsumptionbundles,xandy:strictpreference:xismorepreferredthanis
3、y.weakpreference:xisasatleastaspreferredasisy.Indifference:xisexactlyaspreferredasisy.Notationsdenotesstrictpreference;~denotesindifference;denotesweakpreference;p~fPreferenceRelationsxyandyximplyx~y.xyand(notyx)implyxy.~f~f~f~fpAssumptionsaboutPreferenceRelationsCompleten
4、ess:Foranytwobundlesxandyitisalwayspossibletomakethestatementthateither xy or yx.~f~fAssumptionsaboutPreferenceRelationsReflexivity:Anybundlexisalwaysatleastaspreferredasitself;i.e.xx.~fAssumptionsaboutPreferenceRelationsTransitivity:If xisatleastaspreferredasy,and yisatle
5、astaspreferredasz,then xisatleastaspreferredasz;i.e.xyandyzxz.~f~f~fIndifferenceCurves无差异曲线(或,无差异集)Takeareferencebundlex’.Thesetofallbundlesequallypreferredtox’istheindifferencecurvecontainingx’;thesetofallbundlesy~x’.Sinceanindifference“curve”isnotalwaysacurveabetternamem
6、ightbeanindifference“set”.IndifferenceCurvesx2x1x”x”’x’~x”~x”’x’IndifferenceCurvesx2x1zxyppxyzIndifferenceCurvesx2x1xAllbundlesinI1arestrictlypreferredtoallinI2.yzAllbundlesinI2arestrictlypreferredto allinI3.I1I2I3IndifferenceCurvesx2x1WP(x),thesetof bundlesweaklypreferred
7、tox.WP(x) includes I(x).xI(x)IndifferenceCurvesx2x1SP(x),thesetof bundlesstrictlypreferredtox, doesnot includeI(x).xI(x)IndifferenceCurvesCannotIntersect!(不相交!)x2x1xyzI1I2FromI1,x~y.FromI2,x~z.Thereforey~z.IndifferenceCurvesCannotIntersectx2x1xyzI1I2FromI1,x~y.FromI2,x~z.T
8、hereforey~z.ButfromI1andI2weseeyz,a contradiction.pSlopesofIndifferenceCurvesWhenmoreofac
