《微观经济学》清华大学课件 ch7 revealed preference显现性偏好

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1、ChapterSevenRevealedPreference显现性偏好WhatIstheQuestionoftheChapter?Supposeweobserveacollectionofaconsumer’schoices,canwediscoverhis/herpreference?Isthispossibleatall?Ifso,underwhatconditionsisthispossible?(Thisisthereversequestionoffindingtheoptimalchoice)Digression:Sciencevs.Engin

2、eering(对比科学家思维与工程师思维）找问题与解问题的不同要对问题提问题务虚与务实的不同解释世界与改造世界的不同旁观者与参与者的不同MaintainedAssumptionsonPreferencesPreferencesdonotchangewhilethechoicedataaregathered.arestrictlyconvex.aremonotonic.AssumptionsonPreferencesx2x1x1*x2*Ifpreferencesareconvexandmonotonic(i.e.well-behaved)thenth

3、emostpreferredaffordablebundleisunique.DirectPreferenceRevelationSupposethatthebundlex*ischosenwhenthebundleyisaffordable.Thenx*isrevealeddirectlyaspreferredtoy(otherwiseywouldhavebeenchosen).DirectPreferenceRevelationx2x1x*yThechosenbundlex*isrevealeddirectlyaspreferredtotheb

4、undlesyandz.zDirectPreferenceRevelationThatxisrevealeddirectlyaspreferredtoywillbewrittenasxy.DpIndirectPreferenceRevelationSupposexisrevealeddirectlypreferredtoy,andyisrevealeddirectlypreferredtoz.Then,wecallxisrevealedindirectlyaspreferredtoz.Writethisasxzsoxyandyzxz.DpDpI

5、pIpzisnotaffordablewhenx*ischosen.x*isnotaffordablewheny*ischosen.Sox*andzcannotbecompareddirectly.IndirectPreferenceRevelationx2x1x*y*zButx*x*y*andy*zsox*z.DpDpIpTwoAxiomsofRevealedPreferenceToapplyrevealedpreferenceanalysis,choicesmustsatisfytwocriteria--theWeakandtheStrongA

6、xiomsofRevealedPreference.TheWeakAxiomofRevealedPreference(WARP)Ifthebundlexisrevealeddirectlyaspreferredtothebundleythenitisneverthecasethatyisrevealeddirectlyaspreferredtox;i.e.xynot(yx).DpDpTheWeakAxiomofRevealedPreference(WARP)ChoicedatawhichviolatetheWARPareinconsistentwithe

7、conomicrationality.TheWARPisanecessaryconditionforapplyingeconomicrationalitytoexplainobservedchoices.TheWeakAxiomofRevealedPreference(WARP)WhatchoicedataviolatetheWARP?TheWeakAxiomofRevealedPreference(WARP)x2x1xyyischosenwhenxisavailablesoyx.xischosenwhenyisavailablesoxy.DpDpC

8、heckingifDataViolatetheWARPAconsumermake