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1、ChapterThreePreferences消费者偏好WhereAreWeintheCourse?Wearestudyingthe1stofthethreeblocksofmicroeconomics:Consumerbehavior,productiontheory,andmarketequilibriumWithinthe1stblock,weareworkingonthe2ndofthethreecomponents:choiceset,preference,andconsumerdemandWhatDoWeMeanbyPreference?(偏好)Itreferstotheor
2、deredrelationshipamongalternativechoicesgivenbyaneconomicagent.Inmosteconomicliterature,consumerpreferenceistreatedastheultimateexogenouselement.PreferenceRelationsComparingtwodifferentconsumptionbundles,xandy:strictpreference:xismorepreferredthanisy.weakpreference:xisasatleastaspreferredasisy.In
3、difference:xisexactlyaspreferredasisy.Notationsdenotesstrictpreference;~denotesindifference;denotesweakpreference;p~fPreferenceRelationsxyandyximplyx~y.xyand(notyx)implyxy.~f~f~f~fpAssumptionsaboutPreferenceRelationsCompleteness:Foranytwobundlesxandyitisalwayspossibletomakethestatementthateither
4、xy or yx.~f~fAssumptionsaboutPreferenceRelationsReflexivity:Anybundlexisalwaysatleastaspreferredasitself;i.e.xx.~fAssumptionsaboutPreferenceRelationsTransitivity:If xisatleastaspreferredasy,and yisatleastaspreferredasz,then xisatleastaspreferredasz;i.e.xyandyzxz.~f~f~fIndifferenceCurves无差异曲线(或,无差
5、异集)Takeareferencebundlex’.Thesetofallbundlesequallypreferredtox’istheindifferencecurvecontainingx’;thesetofallbundlesy~x’.Sinceanindifference“curve”isnotalwaysacurveabetternamemightbeanindifference“set”.IndifferenceCurvesx2x1x”x”’x’~x”~x”’x’IndifferenceCurvesx2x1zxyppxyzIndifferenceCurvesx2x1xAll
6、bundlesinI1arestrictlypreferredtoallinI2.yzAllbundlesinI2arestrictlypreferredto allinI3.I1I2I3IndifferenceCurvesx2x1WP(x),thesetof bundlesweaklypreferredtox.WP(x) includes I(x).xI(x)IndifferenceCurvesx2x1SP(x),thesetof bundlesstrictlypreferredtox, doesnot includeI(x).xI(x)IndifferenceCurvesCannot
7、Intersect!(不相交!)x2x1xyzI1I2FromI1,x~y.FromI2,x~z.Thereforey~z.IndifferenceCurvesCannotIntersectx2x1xyzI1I2FromI1,x~y.FromI2,x~z.Thereforey~z.ButfromI1andI2weseeyz,a contradiction.pSlopesofIndifferenceCurvesWhenmoreofac
