北大微观经济学课件(英文版)ch3 Preferences.ppt

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1、ChapterThreePreferences偏好2021/9/15中级微观经济学StructureDescribepreferencesIndifferencecurves(无差异曲线)Well-behavedpreferencesMarginalrateofsubstitution(边际替代率)2021/9/15中级微观经济学RationalityinEconomicsBehavioralPostulate:Adecisionmakeralwayschoosesitsmostpreferredalternativefromitssetofavailablealternatives.

2、Sotomodelchoicewemustmodeldecision-makers’preferences.2021/9/15中级微观经济学PreferenceRelationsComparingtwodifferentconsumptionbundles,xandy:strictpreference(严格偏好):xismorepreferredthanisy(xy).Indifference(无差异):xisexactlyaspreferredasisy(x~y).weakpreference(弱偏好):xisasatleastaspreferredasisy(xy).p~f2021/

3、9/15中级微观经济学PreferenceRelationsPreferencerelationsareordinalrelations;i.e.theystateonlytheorderinwhichbundlesarepreferred.2021/9/15中级微观经济学PreferenceRelationsxyandyximplyx~y.~f~f2021/9/15中级微观经济学PreferenceRelationsxyandyximplyx~y.xyand(notyx)implyxy.~f~f~f~fp2021/9/15中级微观经济学AssumptionsaboutPreferenc

4、eRelationsCompleteness(完备性):Foranytwobundlesxandyitisalwayspossibletomakethestatementthateitherxyoryx.~f~f2021/9/15中级微观经济学AssumptionsaboutPreferenceRelationsReflexivity(反身性):Anybundlexisalwaysatleastaspreferredasitself;i.e.xx.~f2021/9/15中级微观经济学AssumptionsaboutPreferenceRelationsTransitivity(传递

5、性):Ifxisatleastaspreferredasy,andyisatleastaspreferredasz,thenxisatleastaspreferredasz;i.e.xyandyzxz.~f~f~f2021/9/15中级微观经济学IndifferenceCurvesTakeareferencebundlex’.Thesetofallbundlesequallypreferredtox’istheindifferencecurvecontainingx’;thesetofallbundlesy~x’.Sinceanindifference“curve”isnotalw

6、aysacurveabetternamemightbeanindifference“set”.2021/9/15中级微观经济学IndifferenceCurvesx2x1x”x”’x’~x”~x”’x’2021/9/15中级微观经济学IndifferenceCurvesx2x1zxyppxyz2021/9/15中级微观经济学IndifferenceCurvesx2x1xAllbundlesinI1arestrictlypreferredtoallinI2.yzAllbundlesinI2arestrictlypreferredtoallinI3.I1I2I32021/9/15中级微观经

7、济学x2x1I(x’)xI(x)WP(x),thesetofbundlesweaklypreferredtox.WeaklyPreferredSet(弱偏好集)2021/9/15中级微观经济学WeaklyPreferredSet(弱偏好集)x2x1WP(x),thesetofbundlesweaklypreferredtox.WP(x)includesI(x).xI(x)2021/9/15中级微观经济学StrictlyPre