北大微观经济学课件(英文版)ch16 Equilibrium.ppt

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1、ChapterSixteenEquilibrium均衡2021/9/9中级微观经济学StructureMarketequilibriumQuantitytaxandequilibriumTaxincidence（税收分担）Deadweightloss（额外净损失）2021/9/9中级微观经济学MarketEquilibriumAmarketisinequilibriumwhentotalquantitydemandedbybuyersequalstotalquantitysuppliedbysellers.Alsocalled“marketiscleared”Supplymaynot

2、equalproduction2021/9/9中级微观经济学MarketEquilibriumpD(p),S(p)q=D(p)MarketdemandMarketsupplyq=S(p)2021/9/9中级微观经济学MarketSettingCompetitivemarketContestablemarket2021/9/9中级微观经济学MarketEquilibriumpD(p),S(p)q=D(p)MarketdemandMarketsupplyq=S(p)p*q*D(p*)=S(p*);themarketisinequilibrium.2021/9/9中级微观经济学M

3、arketEquilibriumpD(p),S(p)q=D(p)MarketdemandMarketsupplyq=S(p)p*S(p’)D(p’)

4、arketpricemustfalltowardsp*.2021/9/9中级微观经济学MarketEquilibriumpD(p),S(p)q=D(p)MarketdemandMarketsupplyq=S(p)p*D(p”)D(p”)>S(p”);anexcessofquantitydemandedoverquantitysupplied.p”S(p”)2021/9/9中级微观经济学MarketEquilibriumpD(p),S(p)q=D(p)MarketdemandMarketsupplyq=S(p)p*D(p”)D(p”)>S(p”);anexcessofqu

5、antitydemandedoverquantitysupplied.p”S(p”)Marketpricemustrisetowardsp*.2021/9/9中级微观经济学MarketEquilibrium–LinearD&SAttheequilibriumpricep*,D(p*)=S(p*).Thatis,whichgivesand2021/9/9中级微观经济学MarketEquilibriumpD(p),S(p)D(p)=a-bpMarketdemandMarketsupplyS(p)=c+dp2021/9/9中级微观经济学MarketEquilibriumCanwec

6、alculatethemarketequilibriumusingtheinversemarketdemandandsupplycurves?Yes,itisthesamecalculation.2021/9/9中级微观经济学MarketEquilibriumtheequationoftheinversemarketdemandcurve.Andtheequationoftheinversemarketsupplycurve.2021/9/9中级微观经济学MarketEquilibriumqD-1(q),S-1(q)D-1(q)=(a-q)/bMarketinversedem

7、andS-1(q)=(-c+q)/dp*q*Atequilibrium,D-1(q*)=S-1(q*).Marketinversesupply2021/9/9中级微观经济学MarketEquilibriumandAttheequilibriumquantityq*,D-1(p*)=S-1(p*).Thatis,whichgivesand2021/9/9中级微观经济学MarketEquilibriumqD-1(q),S-1(q)D-1(q)=(a-q)