英语专业考研语言学复习大纲 语言史.doc

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1、Chapter7：HistoricalLinguistics I. DecidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsisTrueorFalse:1. Oneofthetasksofthehistoricallinguistsistoexploremethodstoreconstructlinguistichistoryandestablishtherelationshipbetweenlanguages.2. Languagechangeisagradualandconstantprocess,thereforeo

2、ftenindiscernibletospeakersofthesamegeneration.3. ThehistoryoftheEnglishlanguageisdividedintotheperiodsofOldEnglish,MiddleEnglishandModernEnglish.4. MiddleEnglishbeganwiththearrivalofAnglo-Saxons,whoinvadedtheBritishIslesfromnorthernEurope.5. InOldEnglish,allthenounsareinflectedtomarkno

3、minative,genitive,dativeandaccusativecases.6. InOldEnglish,theverbofasentenceoftenprecedesthesubjectratherthanfollowsit.7. AdirectconsequenceoftheRenaissanceMovementwastherevivalofFrenchasaliterarylanguage.8. Ingeneral,linguisticchangeingrammarismorenoticeablethanthatinthesoundsystemand

4、thevocabularyofalanguage.9. Thesoundchangesincludechangesinvowelsounds,andintheloss,gainandmovementofsounds.10.   Theleastwidely-spreadmorphologicalchangesinthehistoricaldevelopmentofEnglisharethelossandadditionofaffixes.11.   InOldEnglish,themorphosyntacticruleofadjectiveagreementstipu

5、latedthattheendingsofadjectivemustagreewiththeheadnounincase,numberandgender.12.   ThewordorderofModernEnglishismorevariablethanthatofOldEnglish.13.   Derivationreferstotheprocessbywhichnewwordsareformedbytheadditionofaffixestotheroots,stems,orwords.14.   “Smog”isawordformedbytheword-fo

6、rmingprocesscalledacronymy.15.   “fridge”isawordformedbyabbreviation.16.   Modernlinguistsareabletoprovideaconsistentaccountfortheexactcausesofalltypesoflanguagechange.17.   Soundassimilationmaybringaboutthelossofoneoftwophoneticallysimilarsyllablesinsequence,asinthecaseofchangeof“Engla

7、-land”to“England”.18.   Ruleelaborationoccurswhenthereisaneedtoreduceambiguityandincreasecommunicativeclarityorexpressiveness.19.   Languagechangeisalwaysachangetowardsthesimplificationoflanguagerules20.   Thewaychildrenacquirethelanguageisoneofthecausesforlanguagechange.II.Fil