chapter1_幼教理论

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1、Educationalpsychology赵玉芳ChapterOneBecominganExpertTeacherBecominganExpertStudentTheteacher...Whatdoesitmeantobeanexpertteacher?Whataretheingredients（factors）apersonneedstomaximizethelikelihoodofbecominganexpertteacher?Whatisthebestwaytogainteachingexpertise?ThestudentWhat

2、doesitmeantobeanexpertstudent?Howcanyoubeanexpertstudenttoday,asyoureadthisandothertextbooksandprepareforclasses?Whatisinvolvedinbecominganexpertstudent,andhowcanyouhelpeverystudentyouteachbecomeanexpertlearner?TheTriarchicApproachThroughoutthisbookatriarchicapproachwillbe

3、usedtohelplearnandappreciatethematerial.ThinkAnalyticallyThinkCreativelyThinkPractically一、whatisanexpertteacherYoumayconsiderintwoimportantways:(1)howanexpertteacherdifferfromnon-expert;(2)howpeopleviewexpertiseindailylife,forexample,howcananexpertteachermotivatestudentswh

4、entheydon’tliketheirschool?(一)expertteachershaveexpertknowledge1.typesofexpertknowledge(1)contentknowledge:knowledgeofthesubjectmattertobetaught.suchasmaths,Acquirefromtakingcontent-basedcoursesandfromexperiencesoutsideofschool(suchastalkingaboutsomeissueofthecoursewithoth

5、ersoutsideschool)(2)pedagogical(教育学的，教学法的)knowledge:knowledgeofhowtoteach.Include:howtoenhancestudentmotivationhowtomanagegroupsofstudentinaclassroomsettinghowtodesignandadministertests(3)pedagogical-contentknowledge:knowledgeofhowtoteachwhatisspecifictowhatisbeingtaught,s

6、uchasknowledgeofhowtoexplainparticularconcepts(forexample,negativenumbers),howtodemonstrateandexplainproceduresandmethodshowtocorrectstudents’naïvetheoriesandmisconceptionsaboutsubjectmatter从知识的功用出发,教师知识可以分为学科知识,即教师所具有的特定的学科知识;条件性知识,即教育学和心理学的知识;实践性知识,即关于课堂情境及与之相关的知识，实践性知识具

7、有五个特点:依赖内容和学生等具体的情境，带有情境性的特点；经常用案例的形式来记忆；是一种跨学科的综合知识；是一种熟练后得以自动化的知识；很多知识产生于教师个体的经验之上。2.organizationofexpertknowledgetheknowledgeofexpertteachersismorethoroughlyintegrated(bitsandpiecesofknowledgebeingmoreinterrelated)Expertteachers:DeepstructureNoviceteachers:Surfacestruct

8、ure实验：被试为具有博士学位的物理学专家和刚学过一门物理学课程的大学生　　材料：20个描述物理学问题的名称　　请专家和新手将问题分类。结果：新手的典型名称是“斜面上的木块”