高中英语语法定语从句总结全.doc

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1、WORD格式整理高中英语定语从句详解Ⅰ.概念：(1)定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧接在先行词(antecedent)后面。(2)先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。(3)引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。关系词的作用：1)引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；2)必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语）常用的关系代词:that、which、who、whom、whose,当关系代词在定语从句中做宾语时，关系代词可

2、以省略。常用的关系副词（在从句中只作状语）:when（时间状语）、why（原因状语）、where（地点状语）可以修饰人的关系代词：that,who,whom,whose可以修饰事的关系代词：that,which,as,whose,ThestudentwhoansweredthequestionwasJohn.Iknowthereasonwhyhewassoangry.Theboy(whom)youaretalkingtoismybrother.I'dlikearoomwhosewindowfacesthesea.定语从句

3、三步：第一找出先行词；第二看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语、表语或状语）；第三选择合适的关系词。Ⅱ.几个关系代词的基本用法：●that:可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语，表语。(指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which)(一般不用于非限制性定语从句;不可置于介词后作宾语)如：1.Aletterthat/whichiswritteninpencilisdifficulttoread.(主语)2.Doyouknowthegentlemanthat/whospokejustnow?3.Youca

4、ntakeanything(that)youlike.（宾语）4.Whatisthequestion(that/which)theyaretalkingabout?5.Hereistheman(who/whom/that)youwanttosee.6.She'snolongerthegirl(that)sheusedtobebefore.（表语）7.Ourhometownisnolongertheone(that)itusedtobe.（=Ourhometownisnotthesameasitusedtobe.=Ourh

5、ometownisdifferentfromwhatitusedtobe。=Ourhometownisnotwhatitusedtobe.）●which:指物；在定语从句中作主语，宾语。如：1.Thebookwhich/thatwasonthedeskwasboughtbymyfather.（主语）2.Thebook(which/that)Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.（宾语）●who,whom,whose:who:主格,在从句中作主语，只可指人whom:宾格，在从句中只能作宾语;只

6、可指人专业知识分享WORD格式整理whose:表所属关系，在从句中作定语。译为：某人的，某物的whose+名词=the+n.+ofwhich(某物的)the+n.+ofwhom(某人的)Ilikethestudentswho/thatworkhard.（主语）Theboy(that/who/whom)wesawyesterdayisTom.Iknowthegirlwhosefatherisateacher.(whosefather=thefatherofwhom)Achildwhoseparentsaredeadisca

7、lledanorphan.（指人）(whoseparents=theparentsofwhom)I'dlikearoomwhosewindowfacessouth.（指物）(whosewindow=thewindowofwhich)关系代词作介词宾语(在定语从句中，介词提前时，介词后：表人用whom；表物用which)关系代词在定语从句中用作介词宾语时,介词可放于从句之首,也可放于从句之末.但以放于句首较为正式.（介词前置，必须注意不影响动词词组的含义。关系代词who和that用作介词宾语时,介词必须放在句末.）Them

8、an(whom/who/that)mymotheristalkingwithisMrBlack.=ThemanwithwhommymotheristalkingisMrBlack.Thisisthebookforwhichyouasked.=Thisisthebook(that/which)youaskedfor.D