中国的独生子女政策 One-child policy in China.ppt

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1、ExploringChina’s“One-ChildPolicy”—--Past,PresentandFutureRuiwuMinvisitingscholarfromOceanUniversityofChinaCHINA’SPOPULATIONStateCensusdata(2010):Totalpopulation:1.370536875billionHannationality:91.51%;others8.49%---male51.27%:female48.73%105.20:100Annualincrease:12million(downfrompeak23m

2、illionin1980s)PopulationdensityofChina&USAInearly1950’speoplewereencouragedtohavemorechildren(afterWWII&civilwar；learnedfromSovietUnion)formilitarystrengthagriculturalproductionFarming...Soldiering...“Bearasmanychildrenaspossible…tomakeChinastronger.”--MaoZedong“ThehappylifeChairmanMao

3、gaveus.”1954Thisledtooverpopulation:In1949----475millionIn1953-----over600millionIn1970—830millionAveragebirthnumberforPercouple:5childrenFamilyPlanning:“Later,spaced,andfewer…”“Practicefamilyplanningfortherevolution.”1972“Delivermedicine(contraceptives)tothedoorstep,doagoodjobinbirthco

4、ntrolwork.”1974DengXiaopingtookpowerin1978:NewpoliciesfocusedonstrengtheningChina'seconomyOverpopulationasblocktoeconomicdevelopmentIn1979,ChinaintroducedtheONECHILDPOLICY.goal:populationcontainedwithin1.2billionby2000.TraditionalChineseconceptoffertility1.多子多福MORECHILDREN,MOREHAPPINESS2

5、.传宗接代CONTINUETHEFAMILYLINE3.养儿防老BRINGINGUPSONSTOSUPPORTPARENTSINTHEIROLDAGEBasicstatepolicyIn1982,FamilyplanningpolicywasincorporatedintoChina’sConstitutionRequiringover90%HancouplestohaveonechildonlyIn2002:POPULATIONandFAMILYPLANNINGLAWArticle18:TheStatemaintainsitscurrentpolicyforrepro

6、duction,encouraginglatemarriageandchildbearingandadvocatingonechildpercouple.Article41:CitizenswhogivebirthtobabiesnotincompliancewiththeprovisionsofArticle18ofthisLawshallpayasocialmaintenancefeeprescribedbylaw.OneChildPolicyDemographictargetsdowntolocallevelGovernmentregulationsandfine

7、sforunplannedbirthsPressuretoabortunplannedpregnanciesHighlyorganizedservice(FamilyPlanningCommission)“Oneveto”systemforevaluatingofficialsRewards“OneChildCertificate”Cashbonuses(￥20/month)LongermaternityleaveBetterchildcarePreferentialhousingPreferentialemploymentPrefere