historical transformation from economic policy to social policy从经济政策到社会政策的历史性转变

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1、TheGreatTransformation:DoubleMovementinChinaShaoguangWangDepartmentofGovernment&PublicAdministrationTheChineseUniversityofHongKongSchoolofPublicPolicy&ManagementTsinghuaUniversityKarlPolanyi:DoubleMovement“Theexpansionofmarketforceswouldsoonerorlaterbemetbyacountermovementaimingatconservationofma

2、nandnatureaswellasproductiveorganization,andusingprotectivelegislationandotherinstrumentsofinterventionasitsmethods”KarlPolanyi,TheGreatTransformation,pp.130-134MainArgumentChinahasundergonea“greattransformation”whichconsistsofa“doublemovement”since1978Thepoliticallyinducedtransformationtothemark

3、etsystemThecountermovementandself-protectionfromsocietyOutlineDoublemovement:ThreeperiodsTheemergenceofsocialpoliciesTwokeyexplanatoryfactorsDoubleMovementinChinaThreePeriods1949-1984:Moraleconomy,noneedfordirectstateprovisionofsocialpolicies1985-1998:Efficiency(growth)aspriority,noattentiontosoc

4、ialpolicies1999-present:TheemergenceofsocialpoliciesMoralEconomy,1949-1984Theplannedeconomyconsciouslysubordinatedtheeconomytoasetofsocialvalues.Thesecuringofhumanlivelihoodwassubmergedinanddeterminedbyanexusofnon-economicinstitutions(e.g.work-units,people’scommunes)andinstitutionalizednorms(e.g.

5、equalityandsolidarity).Distribution(notredistribution)wasthemainformsofresourceallocationandsocialintegrationSuchadistributivesystemwouldnotbeabletoproceedwithoutanestablishedcenter(thestate)fromwhichdistributiontookplaceTheprovisioningofhumans—thesecuringoftheirlivelihood—waslocatedin,orintegrat

6、edthrough,urbanwork-unitsandruralcommunes,whichwereasmuchsocialaseconomicinstitutionsThelogicoftheeconomywasembeddedinsocietythroughtwomechanismsSoft-budgetconstraintIronricebowlThemarketplayednovitalroleinhumansociallifeDistributionundertheMoral(Planned)EconomyCentralBudgetLocalBudgetUnitUnitUni

7、tSoftbudgetconstraintsSoftbudgetconstraintsIronricebowlParadigmShiftinIdeology:1984-1999Ratherthanequityandsecurity,Chinesepolicy-makersplacedtheirtoppriorityonrapidaggregateeconomicgrowth.Theobsessionwithfastestpossib