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1、NBERWORKINGPAPERSERIESENVIRONMENTALPOLICYASSOCIALPOLICY?THEIMPACTOFCHILDHOODLEADEXPOSUREONCRIMEJessicaWolpawReyesWorkingPaper13097http://www.nber.org/papers/w13097NATIONALBUREAUOFECONOMICRESEARCH1050MassachusettsAvenueCambridge,MA02138May2007IwouldespeciallyliketothankLawre
2、nceKatzforvaluableadvice,aswellasDavidCutler,LeemoreDafny,AmyFinkelstein,ClaudiaGoldin,NoraGordon,ChristopherJencks,WalterNicholson,LindaReyes,RenéReyes,StevenRivkin,GeoffreyWoglom,JustinWolfers,twoanonymousreferees,andmanyseminarparticipants.Numerousindividualsatgovernment
3、agenciesandpetroleumindustrycompaniesgenerouslyprovideddataonleadingasoline.BrentMast,BomyHong,andJohnIndellicateIIprovidedexcellentresearchassistance.Anyremainingerrorsaremyown.ThisresearchwassupportedbygrantsfromtheNationalScienceFoundation,theNationalBureauofEconomicRese
4、arch,theNationalInstituteonAging,andtheHarvardMultidisciplinaryPrograminInequalityandSocialPolicy.Theviewsexpressedhereinarethoseoftheauthor(s)anddonotnecessarilyreflecttheviewsoftheNationalBureauofEconomicResearch.©2007byJessicaWolpawReyes.Allrightsreserved.Shortsectionsof
5、text,nottoexceedtwoparagraphs,maybequotedwithoutexplicitpermissionprovidedthatfullcredit,including©notice,isgiventothesource.EnvironmentalPolicyasSocialPolicy?TheImpactofChildhoodLeadExposureonCrimeJessicaWolpawReyesNBERWorkingPaperNo.13097May2007JELNo.I18,K49,Q53,Q58ABSTRA
6、CTChildhoodleadexposurecanleadtopsychologicaldeficitsthatarestronglyassociatedwithaggressiveandcriminalbehavior.Inthelate1970sintheUnitedStates,leadwasremovedfromgasolineundertheCleanAirAct.Usingthesharpstate-specificreductionsinleadexposureresultingfromthisremoval,thisarti
7、clefindsthatthereductioninchildhoodleadexposureinthelate1970sandearly1980sisresponsibleforsignificantdeclinesinviolentcrimeinthe1990s,andmaycausefurtherdeclinesintothefuture.Theelasticityofviolentcrimewithrespecttoleadisestimatedtobeapproximately0.8.JessicaWolpawReyesDepart
8、mentofEconomicsAmherstCollegeAmherst,MA01002andNBERjwreyes@amherst.eduI.Introducti
