糖的中学化学双语教学(省常中-房寿高).ppt

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1、Carbohydrates糖类江苏省常州高级中学房寿高Question:Areallthecarbohydratessweet?Thesweetsubstancebelongstocarbohydrate?Starch(淀粉）、cellulose[‘seljuləus]（纤维素）etc.arenotsweet,buttheybelongtocarbohydrates.andthesweetsubstancesarenotalwaysthecarbohydrates,suchassaccharin（糖精）1.Whatisth

2、ecarbohydrate?Acarbohydrateisanorganiccompoundthatconsistsonlyofcarbon,hydrogen,andoxygen,usuallywithahydrogen:oxygenatomratioof2:1(asinwater).inotherwords,withtheempiricalformulaCm(H2O)n.Justforthisreason,itiscalledcarbohydrate(碳水化合物）.Someexceptionsexist,forexamp

3、le,deoxyribose[di:,ɔksi‘raibəus]（脱氧核糖）,acomponentofDNA,hastheempiricalformulaC5H10O4.)Atthesametime,acomponentofaceticacidhastheformulaC2H4O2[C2(H2O)2],butitdoesnotbelongtocarbohydrate.Carbohydratesarenottechnicallyhydratesofcarbon.Structurallyitismoreaccuratetovi

4、ewthemaspolyhydroxy[pɔli‘haidrɔksi]aldehydesorketones[’ki:təunz]（多羟基醛或酮）orhydrolyzed（水解）toproducethem.2.Classificationofcarbohydrate单糖：monosaccharide[,mɔnəu‘sækəraid](Cannotbehydrolyzed)C6H12O6:glucose(葡萄糖）(bloodsugar)ordextrose;fructose(果糖）orlevulose;Galactose([ɡ

5、ə‘læktəus]半乳糖）二糖：disaccharideC12H22O11：sucrose（蔗糖）(tablesugar)，maltose[‘mɔ:ltəus]（麦芽糖）,lactose（乳糖）（milksugar)多糖：polysaccharide[,pɔli'sækəraid]（C6H10O5)n:starch(淀粉），cellulose(纤维素）3.ChemicalpropertiesCarbohydratescontaining–CHOcanundergosilvermirrorreactions(allthea

6、ldehyde（醛）;葡萄糖；麦芽糖等）2)reactingwiththenew-madeCu(OH)2suspensionPhenomena:Brickreddeposit([di'pɔzit])砖红色沉淀3)Hydrolysis[hai‘drɔlisis]reaction(水解反应）ofdisaccharideandpolysaccharideSucroseglucosefructosemaltosestarchQuestion：Howtotestifythestarchhydrolysisproductcontain

7、ingglucose?Hot-waterbathstarch+H2SO4(dilute)NaOHSilverammoniasolutionsilverglassHot-waterbathneutralizeH2SO4谢谢！