甲烷(-中学化学双语教学--省常中-房寿高).ppt

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1、organicchemistry(有机化学）originallymeantchemistryof“organisms”有机体organiccompoundsoncethoughttohavea“lifeforce”，itcouldproduceorganiccompounds.Protein(蛋白质）urea['juəriə](inorganic)NH4OCN®H2N-C-NH2=ODammoniumcyanate['saiə,neit](organic)1828氰酸铵尿素Germanchemist1828GermanchemistIn1828,h

2、eissuedthetheoryofartificialurea,whichcausedthegreatshockinchemistry.thiswasconsideredthefirstartificialsyntheticorganics.Ithadhugeimpactonthepopulartheoryof“lifeforce”,creatinganeweraoftheorganicsynthesis.In1965,chinafirstlyartificiallysynthesizedcrystallizedbovine[‘bəuvain]i

3、nsulin[’insjulin,‘insə-](结晶牛胰岛素)。Itistheworld'sfirstartificialsynthesisofprotein.1.DefinitionOrganicchemistrymeanschemistryofC-containingcompounds.(butnotCO2,CO,H2CO3,CaCO3,NaHCO3,etc.)organicchemistry107compoundsknownsofar90%ofthemareorganic2.ClassificationOrganiccompoundshyd

4、rocarbons（烃）derivativesofhydrocarbons[di‘rivətivz]烃的衍生物madeonlyofC,H烷烃：alkane;烯烃：alkene;炔烃：alkyne；芳香烃：aromatics卤代烃：halohydrocarbon；醇：alcohal;醚：ether[‘i:θə]醛：aldehyde[’ældihaid];酮：ketone['ki:təun]羧酸：carboxylicacid[,kɑ:bɔk‘silik]；酯：ester['estə],etc.烃的衍生物又可分为：+=烃tīngq火气ànTheorigi

5、nofthewordHydrocarbon烃字的由来：whatisthesimplesthydrocarbon?3.Methane（甲烷）['mi:θein]Thesimplestorganiccompound3.1Existencesewagegas(沼气)orswampgasorsmarshgasnaturalgas（天然气）mashgas（瓦斯）Flammableice(可燃冰）重磅炸弹Flammableice(可燃冰）海底甲烷外溢的灾难后果Thedisasterconsequencefromsubmarinemethaneoverflowi

6、ng3.2.components[kəm'pəunənts]andstructure组成和结构2)Electronicformula：HHCHH︰︰‥‥HHCHH1)Molecularformula:3)Structuralformula：CH4Notplanarsquar(平面正方形）Buttetrahedron（正四面体）ball-and-stickmodelbondangle：109°28’109degrees28pointsscalemodelorproportionalmodelorspace-fillingmodel3.3.Physic

7、alandchemicalpropertiesExperiment:reactswithoxygenWhatpropertiesmayyougetfromtheexperiment?3.3.1PhysicalpropertiesUsually,colorless;tasteless;indissolvableinwater;itsdensitylessthanair1）Flammability(可燃性）CH4+2O2→CO2+2H2Oignite3.3.2Chemicalproperties2）stability([stə'biliti])：nor

8、eactionwithstrongacidorstrongbase，cannotmakeKMnO4(H+)(potassi