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1、UnittwoText:Cancer&Chemicals-AreWeGoingTooFar?MarlaConeLastyear,CaliforniagovernorGeorgeDeukmejiancalledtogethermanyofthestate'sbestscientificmindstobeginimplementingProposition65,thestate'sSafeDrinkingWaterandToxicEnforcementAct.Thisnewlawbansindustriesfrom
2、dischargingchemicalsuspectedofcausingcancer(carcinogens)orbirthdefectsintowatersupplies.Someclaimitwillalsorequirewarninglabelsoneverythingthatmightcausecancer.Adayofesotericscienceandincomprehensiblejargonwaspredicted.ButBruceAmes,chairmanofthedepartmentofb
3、iochemistryattheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeley,hadplanstoliventheproceedings.Walkingintotheroom,Ameslookedlikethequintessentialscientist:wire-rimmedbifocals,rumpledsuit,tousledhairandasallowcomplexionthatshowedhespentmoretimeinhislaboratorythanintheCalifor
4、niasunshine.Assomeoneintonedaboutthemechanismsofcarcinogenesis,Amesbegantointerjecthisownviews."Thewholeworldischock-fullofcarcinogens,"Amesdeclared.“Abeer,withits700partsperbillionofformaldehydeandfivepartsper100ofalcoholisathousandtimesmorehazardousthanany
5、thinginthewater.Ifyouhavebeeronyourbreath,doesthatmeanyouhavetowarneveryonewhocomeswithintenfeetofyou?"Inanerawhenheadlinesshoutaboutthelatestcancerscare,Ameshasadifferentmessage:thelevelsofmostman-madecarcinogensaregenerallysolowthatanydangeristrivialcompar
6、edwiththelevelsofnaturalcarcinogens.Amesisnotaquack.Atage59,heisoneofthenation'smostrespectedauthoritiesoncarcinogenesis.Hisresumeispackedwithhonors,includingtheCharles.MottPrizefromtheGeneralMotorsCancerResearchFoundation,oneofthemostprestigiousawardsincanc
7、erresearch,andmembershipintheNationalAcademyofSciences.EvenhiscriticssaytheAmestest—hissimple,inexpensivelaboratoryprocedurethathelpsdeterminewhetherasubstancemightcausecancer—isaremarkableachievement.ButAmesslaughterssacredcows.He'stakingontheenvironmentalm
8、ovement,whichsomehavecalledthesinglemostimportantsocialmovementofthe20thcentury.InApril1987,forinstance,heandtwocolleagues,RenaeMagawandLoisSwirskyGold,publishedareportinSciencemagazinethatranke
