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1、UnittwoText:Cancer&Chemicals-AreWeGoingTooFar?MarlaConeLastyear,CaliforniagovernorGeorgeDeukmejiancalledtogethermanyofthestate'sbestscientificmindstobeginimplementingProposition65,thestate'sSafeDrinkingWaterandToxicEnforcementAct.Thisnewlawbansindustriesfro
2、mdischargingchemicalsuspectedofcausingcancer(carcinogens)orbirthdefectsintowatersupplies.Someclaimitwillalsorequirewarninglabelsoneverythingthatmightcausecancer.Adayofesotericscienceandincomprehensiblejargonwaspredicted.ButBruceAmes,chairmanofthedepartmento
3、fbiochemistryattheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeley,hadplanstoliventheproceedings.Walkingintotheroom,Ameslookedlikethequintessentialscientist:wire-rimmedbifocals,rumpledsuit,tousledhairandasallowcomplexionthatshowedhespentmoretimeinhislaboratorythanintheCali
4、forniasunshine.Assomeoneintonedaboutthemechanismsofcarcinogenesis,Amesbegantointerjecthisownviews."Thewholeworldischock-fullofcarcinogens,"Amesdeclared.“Abeer,withits700partsperbillionofformaldehydeandfivepartsper100ofalcoholisathousandtimesmorehazardoustha
5、nanythinginthewater.Ifyouhavebeeronyourbreath,doesthatmeanyouhavetowarneveryonewhocomeswithintenfeetofyou?"Inanerawhenheadlinesshoutaboutthelatestcancerscare,Ameshasadifferentmessage:thelevelsofmostman-madecarcinogensaregenerallysolowthatanydangeristrivialc
6、omparedwiththelevelsofnaturalcarcinogens.Amesisnotaquack.Atage59,heisoneofthenation'smostrespectedauthoritiesoncarcinogenesis.Hisresumeispackedwithhonors,includingtheCharles.MottPrizefromtheGeneralMotorsCancerResearchFoundation,oneofthemostprestigiousawards
7、incancerresearch,andmembershipintheNationalAcademyofSciences.EvenhiscriticssaytheAmestest—hissimple,inexpensivelaboratoryprocedurethathelpsdeterminewhetherasubstancemightcausecancer—isaremarkableachievement.ButAmesslaughterssacredcows.He'stakingontheenviron
8、mentalmovement,whichsomehavecalledthesinglemostimportantsocialmovementofthe20thcentury.InApril1987,forinstance,heandtwocolleagues,RenaeMagawandLoisSwirskyGold,publishedareportinSciencemagazinethatranke
