教案Book 9_U4_文化背景_English idioms.doc

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1、EnglishidiomsAnidiomisaphrasewhosemeaningcannotbedeterminedbytheliteraldefinitionofthephraseitself,butrefersinsteadtoafigurativemeaningthatisknownonlythroughcommonuse.Inlinguistics,idiomsarewidelyassumedtobefiguresofspeechthatcontradicttheprincipleofcompositionality;however,this

2、hasshowntobeasubjectofdebate.JohnSaeeddefinesanidiomaswordscollocatedtogetherhappentobecomefossilized,becomingfixedovertime.Thiscollocation--wordscommonlyusedinagroup--changesthedefinitionofeachofthewordsthatexist.Asanexpression,theword-groupbecomesateam,sotospeak.Thatis,thecoll

3、ocatedwordsdevelopaspecializedmeaningasawholeandanidiomisborn.Anidiomisawordorphrasethatmeanssomethingdifferentthanthewordsimplyifinterpretedliterally.Whenapersonusesanidiom,thelistenermighttaketheactualmeaningwrongifheorshehasnotheardthisfigureofspeechbefore.Anidiomisnotreallyc

4、onsideredtobesetinalanguage.Theyaremoreinone'sculture.Idiomsdon'tusuallycrosslanguageboundaries.Insomecases,whenanidiomistranslatedintoanotherlanguage,themeaningoftheidiomischangedordoesnotmakeanysenseasitoncedidinanotherlanguage.Idiomsareprobablythehardestthingforapersontolearn

5、intheprocessoflearninganewlanguage.Thisisbecausemostpeoplegrowupusingidiomsasiftheirtruemeaningsactuallymakesense.Anidiomisgenerallyacolloquialmetaphor-atermwhichrequiressomefoundationalknowledge,information,orexperience,touseonlywithinaculturewherepartiesmusthavecommonreference

6、.Idiomsarethereforenotconsideredapartofthelanguage,butratherapartoftheculture.Asculturesaretypicallylocalized,idiomsareoftennotusefuloutsideofthatlocalcontext.Howeversomeidiomscanbemoreuniversallyusedthanothers,andtheycanbeeasilytranslated,metaphoricalmeaningcanbemoreeasilydeduc

7、ed.