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1、[Note:NumbersinbracketsrefertotheprintedpagesofUnderstandingEvidencebyPaulC.Giannelliwherethetopicisdiscussed.]LexisNexisAreaofLawSummaryEvidenceChapter1OVERVIEW§1.01Introduction[1]Therulesofevidencegovernhowwegoaboutthetaskofattemptingtodetermineattr
2、ialwhatoccurredinthepast,oftenundercircumstancesofuncertainty.§1.02ProofatTrial[1-4]Inthecommonlawsystem,prooftypicallycomesintheformofwitnesstestimony–testimonialproof.Proofmayalsoconsistofdocumentaryevidence(e.g.,writtencontract)or“real”evidence(e.g
3、.,murderweapon).Photographs,models,blackboards,andchartsmaybeusedtoillustratetestimony–demonstrativeevidence.Insomecases,awitnessmayexhibitascaroramputatedarmtoshowthejurytheresultofanaccident(in-courtexhibition),or,perhapsshowhowshecannolongerwalkwit
4、houtalimp(in-courtdemonstration).§1.03LawofEvidence[4-8]Evidencelawmaybedividedintothreemajorcategories:(1)rulesgoverningthesubstantivecontentofevidence,(2)rulesgoverningwitnesses,and(3)substitutesforevidence.[A]RulesGoverningtheContentofEvidence[1]Re
5、levanceRulesCharacterevidenceOtheractsevidenceHabitevidenceInsuranceevidence[2]CompetenceRules[a]RulesBasedonReliabilityConcernsHearsayrule“Bestevidence”rule[b]RulesBasedonExternalPoliciesPrivileges(e.g.,attorney-client)Quasiprivileges(e.g.,subsequent
6、remedialmeasures)[B]RulesGoverningWitnesses[1]CompetencyofWitnesses107Copyright©2003,2005LexisNexis,adivisionofReedElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved.[2]ExaminationofWitnesses[3]TypesofWitnesses[a]LayWitnesses[b]ExpertWitnesses[4]CredibilityofWitnesses[C]S
7、ubstitutesForEvidenceJudicialnoticeoffactStipulationsoffact§1.04FederalRulesofEvidence[8-10]TheFederalRulesofEvidencewereenactedin1975.Asafederalstatutenotintendedtopreemptstatelaw,theFederalRulesarenotbindingonthestates.§1.05StateAdoptionsoftheFedera
8、lRules[10]Overfortyjurisdictions,includingthemilitary,haverulespatternedontheFederalRules.§1.06InterpretingtheFederalRules:The“PlainMeaning”Debate[11-13]TheSupremeCourthasoften,butnotalways,espousedanalmostmechanical“plainmeaning”approachincon
