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1、英文法律文书简明教程（一）缩写一、缩写Abbreviations规则1在正式写作中，应当避免使用缩写，除非有下述规则2、规则3和规则4的情形。Informalwriting,oneshouldnotuseabbreviations,exceptasindicatedinrules2,3,and4below.例如：Incorrect:TheU.S.SupremeCourtheldthatthedefendant'srightshadbeenviolated.Correct:TheUnitedStatesSupremeCourtheldthatthedefendant'srightshadb
2、eenviolated.Incorrect:ProfessorJonasmentionedseveralcitiesthathavedomestic-partnershipordinances,e.g.,NewYorkandSanFrancisco.-42-Correct:ProfessorJonasmentionedseveralcitiesthathavedomestic-partnershipordinances,includingNewYorkandSanFrancisco.Incorrect:TheCourtannounceditsdecisioninthecaseonOct.
3、12,1994.Correct:TheCourtannounceditsdecisioninthecaseonOctober12,1994.规则2如果一个缩写的应用已经非常普遍，在一般用法中已经取代了全称，则可以使用缩写；但使用此缩写时不应该使用表示缩写的英文句号（.）。Whenanabbreviationhasbecomesocommonthatithassupplantedthefullnameincommonusage,onemayusetheabbreviation;however,oneshoulddosowithouttheuseofperiods.例如：-42-Incorr
4、ect:TheN.A.A.C.P.wasthesubjectofaprofileonC.B.S.lastweek.Correct:TheNAACPwasthesubjectofaprofileonCBSlastweek.（注：NAACPabbr.NationalAssociationfortheAdvancementofColoredPeople(美国)全国有色人种协进会，CBSabbr.（美国）哥伦比亚广播公司(ColumbiaBroadcastingSystem)）However:ThedefendantinthecaseisR.J.ReynoldsIndustries,Inc.请注
5、意，在上面的例子中，字母R和J后面的句号（.）应当保留，因为这个缩写所代表的含义并非广为人知。一般来说，这样的缩写应当使用全称；但是在上面的例子中不能用全称，因为缩写R.J.是公司注册名称中使用的。Noticethatintheprecedingexample,thepointsafter"R"and"J"shouldbeleftin,becausethemeaningoftheabbreviationisnotsufficientlywellknowntomostreaders.Ordinarily,onewouldreplacesuchanabbreviationwiththeful
6、lterms;however,onecannotdosointhiscasebecausethelegalcorporatenameinvolvedincludestheabbreviation.-42-规则3当使用legalcitation时，一定要按照Bluebook（见译注）的要求来缩写。但在行文中提及法院时，不应用缩写。Whenwritinglegalcitations,alwaysusetheabbreviationsrequiredbytheBluebook.However,whenreferringtoacourtintext,donotabbreviate.Forexam
7、ple:例如：Incorrect:TheIll.SupremeCourtrequiredthereturnofthechildtohisbirthmother.Smithsonv.Bettaglia,59Illinois2d73,180NortheastReporter2d754(1994).Correct:TheIllinoisSupremeCourtrequiredthereturnofthechildtohisbirthmot
