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1、英文法律文书简明教程英文法律文书简明教程 一、缩写Abbreviations 规则1、 在正式写作中,应当避免使用缩写,除非有下述规则2、规则3和规则4的情形。 Informalwriting,oneshouldnotuseabbreviations,exceptasindicatedinrules2,3,and4below. 例如: Incorrect:TheU.S.SupremeCourtheldthatthedefendant"srightshadbeenviolated. Correct:TheUnitedStatesSupremeCourtheldthat
2、thedefendant"srightshadbeenviolated. Incorrect:ProfessorJonasmentionedseveralcitiesthathavedomestic-partnershipordinances,e.g.,NewYorkandSanFrancisco. Correct:ProfessorJonasmentionedseveralcitiesthathavedomestic-partnershipordinances,includingNewYorkandSanFrancisco. Incorrect:TheCourtannou
3、nceditsdecisioninthecaseonOct.12,1994. Correct:TheCourtannounceditsdecisioninthecaseonOctober12,1994. 规则2、 如果一个缩写的应用已经非常普遍,在一般用法中已经取代了全称,则可以使用缩写;但使用此缩写时不应该使用表示缩写的英文句号(.)。 Whenanabbreviationhasbecomesocommonthatithassupplantedthefullnameincommonusage,onemayusetheabbreviation;however,onesho
4、ulddosowithouttheuseofperiods. 例如: Incorrect:TheN.A.A.C.P.wasthesubjectofaprofileonC.B.S.lastweek. Correct:TheNAACPwasthesubjectofaprofileonCBSlastweek. (注:NAACPabbr.NationalAssociationfortheAdvancementofColoredPeople(美国)全国有色人种协进会,CBSabbr.(美国)哥伦比亚广播公司(ColumbiaBroadcastingSystem)) However
5、:ThedefendantinthecaseisR.J.ReynoldsIndustries,Inc. 请注意,在上面的例子中,字母R和J后面的句号(.)应当保留,因为这个缩写所代表的含义并非广为人知。一般来说,这样的缩写应当使用全称;但是在上面的例子中不能用全称,因为缩写R.J.是公司注册名称中使用的。 Noticethatintheprecedingexample,thepointsafter"R"and"J"shouldbeleftin,becausethemeaningoftheabbreviationisnotsufficientlywellknowntomostr
6、eaders.Ordinarily,onewouldreplacesuchanabbreviationwiththefullterms;however,onecannotdosointhiscasebecausethelegalcorporatenameinvolvedincludestheabbreviation. 规则3、 当使用legalcitation时,一定要按照Bluebook(见译注)的要求来缩写。但在行文中提及法院时,不应用缩写。 Whenwritinglegalcitations,alwaysusetheabbreviationsrequiredbythe
7、Bluebook.However,whenreferringtoacourtintext,donotabbreviate.Forexample: 例如: Incorrect:TheIll.SupremeCourtrequiredthereturnofthechildtohisbirthmother.Smithsonv.Bettaglia,59Illinois2d73,180NortheastReporter2d754(1994). Correct:TheIllinoisSu