英汉比较与翻译(主要差异).ppt

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1、英汉语言差异性特征对比Syntheticvs.AnalyticHypotacticvs.ParatacticCompactvs.DiffusiveSubjectprominentvs.Topic-prominentChroniclevs.Non-chronicleStativevs.DynamicSyntheticvs.Analytic综合与分析Theytoldmethatbytheendoftheyeartheywouldhavebeenworkingtogetherforthirtyyears.他们告诉我，到（那年）年底，他

2、们在一起工作就有三十年了。syntheticanalyticSyntheticvs.AnalyticAsyntheticlanguageis“characterizedbyfrequentandsystematicuseofinflectedformstoexpressgrammaticalrelationships.Ananalyticlanguageis“characterizedbyarelativelyfrequentuseoffunctionwords,auxiliaryverbs,andchangesinwordor

3、dertoexpresssyntacticrelations,ratherthanofinflectedforms”.FeatureofEnglishasaSyntheticLanguage英语通过词汇的形态变化，表示句子丰富多采的语言关系和逻辑关系。形态变化包括性(gender)、数(number)、格(case)、时(tense)、体(aspect)、语态(voice)、语气(mood)、比较级(degreeofcomparison)、人称(person)、词性(partsofspeech)。FeatureofChinese

4、asanAnalyticLanguage汉语基本没有形态变化，主要靠词语、词序及暗含逻辑关系来表达句子的语言意义。Practice1.听到他这样讲话，我差点笑出来了。Icouldhavelaughedtohearhimtalklikethis.2.Themountainsbegantothrowtheirlongblueshadowsoverthevalley.群山开始向山谷投下一道道蔚蓝色长影。3.李教授原打算在这干一辈子的，但还是由于种种原因去了深圳。ProfessorLihadplannedtoworkhereforthe

5、restofhislife,butnowhehasbeentoShenzhenforreasons.4.一群人立刻把他围住了，向他提出一个又一个问题。Verysoonhewassurroundedbyacrowdandwassnowedunderwithquestions.Hypotacticvs.Paratactic形合与意合孟子曰：“鱼，我所欲也；熊掌，亦我所欲也。二者不可得兼，舍鱼而取熊掌者也。生，我所欲也；义，亦我所欲也。二者不可得兼，舍生而取义者也。”Menciussaid,“IlikefishandIalsolike

6、bear’spaws.IfIcannothavethetwotogether,Iwillletthefishgoandtakethebear’spaws.Inasimilarway,Ilikelife,andIalsolikerighteousness.IfIcannothavethetwotogether,Iwillgiveupmylifetopreserverighteousness.”paratactichypotacticHypotacticvs.ParatacticTheAmericanHeritageDictiona

7、rydefineshypotaxisas“thedependentorsubordinateconstructionorrelationshipofclauseswithconnectives”,forexample,Ishalldespairifyoudon’tcome.TheWorldBookDictionarydefinesparataxisas“thearrangingofclausesoneaftertheotherwithoutconnectivesshowingtherelationbetweenthem”,for

8、example,Therainfell;theriverflooded;thehousewashedaway.在不同的语言中，句子内部连接或外部链接几乎都是用三种手段：句法手段（syntacticdevices）词汇手段（lexicalequivalence）语