英汉比较与翻译

《英汉比较与翻译》由会员上传分享，免费在线阅读，更多相关内容在行业资料-天天文库。

LanguageandCultureLecture3 Thestructureofhumanlanguage2 MorphologyPhonologySyntaxSemanticsPragmatics3 morphologyThestudyofwordsandwordbuildinglove,lovable,lover,lovely4 theChinesecharactersarebasedonsixmorphologicalcategories:thepictograph象形theindirectsymbol指事thedeterminative-phonetic形声theassociativecompound会意themutuallyinterpretativesymbol转注thephoneticloancharacter假借5 PhonologyThestudyofthesoundsofhumanlanguageandtheirpatterns.phoneticsphonology6 syntaxThestudyofthestructureofsentencesandphrases.Iknowher.DoIknowher?7 semanticsThestudyofmeaningandreferenceinhumanlanguage.linguisticmeaningthedictionarymeaningtheliteralmeaningthespeaker’smeaningdependsontheintentionofthespeakercanbeliteralornonliteral8 honeydearprettyfantasticsavageniggerbitchshit9 PragmaticsThestudyoftheeffectoflanguageonhumanbehaviour.10 Goodmorning,sir.11 CHARACTERISTICSOFLANGUAGE12 Languageissymbolic.Itstandsinplaceof‘reality’.Thesamerealitycanberepresentedbydifferentsymbols.Languageisrule-governed.grammaticalrulesandprinciplesTherulesandprinciplesofhumanlanguagearenotuniversal.13 Languageissubjective.capitalism,democracyThemeaningsofalanguagearedependentonculturalexperienceratherthanonthewordsthemselves.Languageisdynamic.Changeinalanguageisbasedontheconceptoftime.“hath”,“thy”,“thee”,and“thou”AmericanEnglishvs.BritishEnglish14 VARIATIONOFHUMANLANGUAGE15 dialectspidginscreolelinguafrancajargonargottaboo16 dialectsAformoflanguagepeculiartoagroupofpeople,asdistinguishedfromtheliterarylanguageofthewholepeople.Threekindsofdialect:regionaldialectsocialdialectethnicdialect17 thetendencytodefineonedialectastheformalorstandardformofalanguageinasocietyLanguagediversityismoreimportantthanarguingwhichdialectshouldbepure,formal,orstandard.18 jargonThespecialortechnicalvocabulariesdevelopedtomeetthespecialneedsofparticularprofessionssuchasmedicineandlaw.Medicalprofessionalstendtocommunicatewithotherprofessionalsusingtechnicaltermsbutaddresspatientsinlayterms.Jargonmaychangeovertime.19 Nofreedomshallbetaken,orimprisoned,orbedisseizedofhisfreehold,orliberties,orfreecustoms,orbeoutlawed,orexiled,oranyotherwisedestroyed;norwillwepassuponhim,norcondemn,butbylawfuljudgmentofhisjudges,orbylawoftheland.凡自由民，除经法官依照国家法律进行合法审判外，不得加以拘留、监禁、没收其财产、剥夺其自由或免税权利、法律保护权利或加以放逐、传讯、逮捕、判罪。theGreatCharterofFreedoms，121520 argotalanguagethatispeculiartoitselfalanguagewithmoreorlesssecretoruniqueseriesofvocabularyAlanguagetendstobeusedbynondominantgroupsorco-culturessuchasgays,prostitutes,prisoners,gangmembers,andthedrugcommunity.21 坦克毕业大鸟副本打酱油围观沙发兰州马克米帅QueenB包子叔22 tabooWordsthatarenotpoliteforasocietyareconsideredtaboo.Thecustomsandperceptionsofasocietyplayanimportantroleastowhatistabooornot.23