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ID:43579219
大小:895.50 KB
页数:23页
时间:2019-10-11
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1、LanguageandCultureLecture3Thestructureofhumanlanguage2MorphologyPhonologySyntaxSemanticsPragmatics3morphologyThestudyofwordsandwordbuildinglove,lovable,lover,lovely4theChinesecharactersarebasedonsixmorphologicalcategories:thepictograph象形theindirectsymbol指事thedeterminative-phonetic形声theass
2、ociativecompound会意themutuallyinterpretativesymbol转注thephoneticloancharacter假借5PhonologyThestudyofthesoundsofhumanlanguageandtheirpatterns.phoneticsphonology6syntaxThestudyofthestructureofsentencesandphrases.Iknowher.DoIknowher?7semanticsThestudyofmeaningandreferenceinhumanlanguage.linguis
3、ticmeaningthedictionarymeaningtheliteralmeaningthespeaker’smeaningdependsontheintentionofthespeakercanbeliteralornonliteral8honeydearprettyfantasticsavageniggerbitchshit9PragmaticsThestudyoftheeffectoflanguageonhumanbehaviour.10Goodmorning,sir.11CHARACTERISTICSOFLANGUAGE12Languageissymbol
4、ic.Itstandsinplaceof‘reality’.Thesamerealitycanberepresentedbydifferentsymbols.Languageisrule-governed.grammaticalrulesandprinciplesTherulesandprinciplesofhumanlanguagearenotuniversal.13Languageissubjective.capitalism,democracyThemeaningsofalanguagearedependentonculturalexperienceratherth
5、anonthewordsthemselves.Languageisdynamic.Changeinalanguageisbasedontheconceptoftime.“hath”,“thy”,“thee”,and“thou”AmericanEnglishvs.BritishEnglish14VARIATIONOFHUMANLANGUAGE15dialectspidginscreolelinguafrancajargonargottaboo16dialectsAformoflanguagepeculiartoagroupofpeople,asdistinguishedfr
6、omtheliterarylanguageofthewholepeople.Threekindsofdialect:regionaldialectsocialdialectethnicdialect17thetendencytodefineonedialectastheformalorstandardformofalanguageinasocietyLanguagediversityismoreimportantthanarguingwhichdialectshouldbepure,formal,orstandard.18jargonThespecialortechnic
7、alvocabulariesdevelopedtomeetthespecialneedsofparticularprofessionssuchasmedicineandlaw.Medicalprofessionalstendtocommunicatewithotherprofessionalsusingtechnicaltermsbutaddresspatientsinlayterms.Jargonmaychangeovertime.19Nofreedomshallbetaken,orimprisoned,orbedissei
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