商务知识导读课件董晓波 ISBN9787566309365 PPTUnit 15 Commerce and Commercial Law.ppt

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1、Unit15CommerceandCommercialLawTextWords&ExpressionsNotesExercisesSupplementaryReadingAdditionalinformationText:Commerciallaw导读：商法是调整市场经济关系中商人及其商事活动的法律规范的总称。商事关系指一定社会中通过市场经营活动而形成的社会关系，主要包括商事组织关系和商事交易关系。商法与民法、经济法既有紧密联系，也有一定区别。《美国统一商法典》（UniformCommercialCode）是在统一州法全国委员会和美国法学会的共同努力下

2、所取得的最成功和最重要的成果，也是最为著名的一部“标准法典”。它分为11章，以总则（GeneralProvisions）和各分则的形式，对现实中的商事规则和商事惯例进行了归纳和制度层面的架构。Commerciallawisthebodyoflawwhichgovernsbusinessandcommercialtransactions.Itisoftenconsideredtobeabranchofcivillawanddealsbothwithissuesofprivatelawandpubliclaw.Commerciallawincludeswi

3、thinitscompasssuchtitlesasprincipalandagent;carriagebylandandsea;merchantshipping;guarantee;marine,fire,lifeandaccidentinsurance;billsofexchangeandpartnership.Itcanalsobeunderstoodtoregulatecorporatecontracts,hiringpractices,andthemanufactureandsalesofconsumergoods.Variousregula

4、toryschemescontrolhowcommerceisconducted.UniformCommercialCodeTheUniformCommercialCodeisoneofanumberofuniformactsthathavebeenpromulgatedinconjunctionwitheffortstoharmonizethelawofsalesandothercommercialtransactionsinall50stateswithintheUnitedStatesofAmerica.TheUCCisthelongestand

5、mostelaborateoftheuniformacts.TheCode,astheproductofprivateorganizations,isnotitselfthelaw,butonlyrecommendationofthelawsthatshouldbeadoptedinthestates.Onceenactedinastatebythestate'slegislature,itbecomestruelawandiscodifiedintothestate’scodeofstatutes.WhentheCodeisadoptedbyasta

6、te,itmaybeadoptedverbatimaswrittenbyALIandNCCUSL,ormaybeadoptedwithspecificchangesdeemednecessarybythestatelegislature.Unlesssuchchangesareminor,theycanaffectthepurposeoftheCodeinpromotinguniformityoflawamongthevariousstates.TheALIandNCCUSLhavealsoestablishedapermanenteditorialb

7、oardfortheCode.Althoughthesecommentariesdonothavetheforceoflaw,courtsinterpretingtheCodeoftencitethemaspersuasiveauthorityindeterminingtheeffectofoneormoreprovisions.TheCode,inoneoranotherofitsseveralrevisions,hasbeenenactedinallofthe50states.Louisianahasenactedmostprovisionsoft

8、heUCCwiththeexceptionofArticle2,preferringtomai