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1、BUSINESSETIQUETTESINEUROPEChapter2-2刘志伟-USTBALLRIGHTSRESERVEDChapter022GeneralizationsEtiquetteinEuropeisnotuniform.EvenwithintheregionsofEurope,etiquettemaynotbeuniform:withinasinglecountrytheremaybedifferencesincustoms,especiallywheretherearedifferentlinguisticgroups,a
2、sinSwitzerlandwherethereareFrench,GermanandItalianspeakers.Despitethisheterogeneity,manypointsofetiquettehavespreadthroughEuropeandmanyfeaturesareshared.TheancientRomanEmpireisanhistoricalsource,andthecosmopolitanroyaltyandalsonobilitywereeffectiveinspreadingetiquettethr
3、oughoutEurope.Generalizations4LanguageandformsofaddressManylanguagesusedifferentpronounstodenoteformalityorfamiliaritywhenaddressingpeople.Thisalsoappliesincommonphrasessuchas“Howareyou?”Theuseofaninappropriatelyfamiliarformmaybeseenasderogatory,insultingorevenaggressive
4、.Conversely,formsthatareinappropriatelyformalmaybeseenasimpolitelysnobbishordistant.Thewaypolitenessisexpressedvariesgreatlywithlanguageandregion.Forexample,addressingapersonwithanhonorificortitlemaybeexpectedinsomelanguages,butseenasintrusiveortooformalinothers.Inmanypa
5、rtsofEurope,usingsomeone’sfirstnamealsodenotesacertainleveloffriendship.Insocialinteractionswithstrangersthelastnameand/ormoreformalmodeofaddressisused,usuallyuntilthepeopleinvolvedagreetomovetoaninformallevel.Butthismaynotapplyamongyoungpeople,amongmembersofparticulargr
6、oups(e.g.students)orininformalsettings.GeneralizationsFlowersChrysanthemums菊花areonlyappropriateforfunerals.Asredrosestypicallyconnoteromanticfeeling,theyareinappropriateforothercircumstances.InEasternEuropeitisappropriatetogiveanevennumberofflowersatfuneralsandanoddnumbe
7、rforweddingsandotherhappyoccasions.YellowflowersareinappropriateatweddingsinUkraineandRussiaastheyareviewedasasignthatthebrideorgroomisunfaithfultoeachother.GeneralizationsHandshakesThehandshakeisacommoncustomonmeetingstrangers.Withsomeexceptions,thisisappropriateregardl
8、essofgender.Shakinghandswhilewearingglovesiswidelyconsideredimpolite;inparticular,agentlemanshouldremov
