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1、ChapterTwoProcessofTranslation1.TranslatingProcessTheprocessoftranslationrefersto“thecognitiveandcreativeactivityinwhichtranslatorsestablishinterlingualequivalencesbetweentextsortextsegments”(Delisleetal,2004,277)Wilssdeclaresinhisbook”KnowledgeandSkillsinT
2、ranslatorBehavior”:“Translatorperformancecanbeseenasthemanifestationofaninformation-performancedeviceconsistingof(1)lexical,phraseological,syntactic,andpragmaticprocessingofthetextualinput;”(2)lexical,phraseological,syntactic,andpragmatictransferoftheSTinto
3、theTTenvironment,withthetranslatorhavinginmindtheneedtoachievefunctionalequivalence;and(3)theassessmentofthetranslationproductinamoreorlessdetailedevaluationphase.(1996:124)Hatim&Masonstatesintheirbook“DiscourseandTheTranslator”:“Aidstotranslatorsareimprovi
4、ngallthetime,butthebasicproblemsfacedbytranslatorsintheirworkremainthesame.Inbroadandgeneralterms,thesecanbelistedasfollows:(1)Comprehensionofsourcetext:(a)parsingoftext(grammarandlexis)(b)accesstospecialisedknowledge(c)accesstointendedmeaning(2)Transferofm
5、eaning(a)relayinglexicalmeaning(b)relayinggrammaticalmeaning(c)relayingrhetoricalmeaning,includingimpliedorinferrablemeaning,forpotentialreaders.(3)Assessmentoftargettext:(a)readability(b)conformingtogenericanddiscoursalconventions(c)judgingadequacyoftransl
6、ationforspecifiedpurpose.”(2001:21)Nida’sLinguisticViewTheprocessoftranslationisaverycomplexone.Nidathinksthat“Theprocessoftranslatingisalwaysamatterofchoosingthebestorthebetterrenderingfromvariousalternatives”(翻译过程是不断从各种不同译文中选择最佳或较佳译文的过程。)TheFour-phaseProc
7、essinTranslatingThefourbasicprocessesintranslatingconsistof(1)analysisofthesourcetext,(2)transferfromsourcetotargetlanguage,(3)restructuringinthetargetlanguage,and(4)testingofthetranslatedtextwithpersonswhorepresenttheintededaudience.(Nida1999:146).Processe
8、sofTranslation美国著名翻译理论研究专家尤金•奈达(EugeneNida)的观点是翻译的本质是两种语言之间的信息转换，这种转换既是文化交流的过程，又是语言再创造的过程，这一过程犹如一环扣一环的思维过程，他在TheTheoryandPracticeofTranslation中把这个过程划分成分析、转换、重建三个阶段：A(Source)B(Receptor)(Restructuring)(A
