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1、UnitFourTEXTITheInvisiblePoorIII.LibraryWork1.Broadlyspeaking,themiddleclassisthesocialgroupbetweentheupperorthewealthyandworkingclasses,includingprofessionalandbusinessworkersandtheirfamilies.ThemiddleclassissometimesdividedintolowermiddleIII.LibraryWorkanduppermiddleclas
2、ses---adivisionbasedonoccupationalandeducationaldifferences.SinceWorldWarII,themiddleclasshasbeenthelargestclassintheUnitedStates,wherethemiddleclassparticipatemoreinpoliticalandvoluntaryorganizationsthandotheIII.LibraryWorksubordinateclasses,thatis,thelowestpaidwageearner
3、sandthejoblesspoor.ThemiddleclassintheU.S.alsohasahigherrateofreligiousparticipationthananyotherclass.2.Dictionarydefinitionsofslumandghetto:Slum---athicklypopulated,squalidpartofacityinhabitedbythepoorestpeopleIII.LibraryWorkGhetto---Informertimes,inmostEuropeancountries,
4、asectionofacityinhabitedbyJews.IntheU.S.today,athicklypopulatedslumareainacityinhabitedpredominantlybyaminoritygroup.InmanycitiesintheU.S.,particularlyintheEastandtheMiddleWest,slumsdevelopedwhereunemploymentledtogreatsufferingandover-crowdedness;moreover,pauperismandcrime
5、arewidespread.III.LibraryWorkIntheU.S.,ghettoisatermusedtodescribesegregatedresidentialareasinthenorthernU.S.Theyaretypicallyovercrowded,andhavepoorhousingandhighunemployment.Theyarelargelyaresultofsegregation.3.Thegeneralpurposeofunionshasbeentoprotectandadvancethewell-be
6、ingofworkers.SomeparticipantsinandobserversoftheU.S.labormovementhaveviewedunionsasinstitutionswiththepotentialtoestablishindustrialdemocracyandsocialism.UntiltheIII.LibraryWork1930s,U.S.laborunionssufferedseverelegaldisadvantages.Before1842strikeswereoftenprohibitedbythec
7、ourts.In1932antistrikeinjunctionswereoutlawed.U.S.unionsfinallygainedfulllegalrecognitionin1935.Theworkerswerethengiventherighttoformandjoinunionsandtoengageincollectivebargaining.IV.OrganizationoftheTextI.Thesisstatement:invisibilityofAmericanpoor(Paragraphs1–2)II.Thenorm
8、alandobviouscausesoftheinvisibilityofthepoor(Paragraphs3–7)1.Povertyisoftenoffthebeatentr
