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1、UnitThreeTEXTIMyFriend,AlbertEinsteinI.Pre-readingQuestionsThisisanopenquestion.III.LibraryWork1.WolfgangAmadeusMozart(1756–1791),Austriancomposer,oneoftheworld’sgreatmusicalgeniuses,wrotemasterpiecesineverybranchofmusic.Duringhisshortlife,Mozartcomposedagreatvolume
2、ofmusic.His789compositionsincludeoperas,symphonies,concertos,quartetsforthepianoandforstringedinstruments,andsonatasforbothpianoandviolin.Hismusichasdelicatebeautyandisalwaysfreshandpleasingtotheear.III.LibraryWork2.LudwigvanBeethoven(1770–1827),Germancomposer,wason
3、eofmusic’sgreatestgeniuses.Hisworkshavearareoriginality,emotionaldepth,andexpressivepower.Hewasknownforhisninesymphonies,pianoconcertosandsonatas,andstringquartets.MostofBeethoven’scompositionswerewrittenintheclassicalformsestablishedbyhispredecessorsMozartandHaydn,
4、soheissometimesconsideredthelastgreatcomposerintheclassicaltradition.ButhealsoremoldedandIII.LibraryWorkexpandedtheoldformsandinfusedthemwithahighlypersonalintensityofemotion,soheisalsoreferredtoasthefirstoftheRomantics.III.LibraryWork3.theNobelPrize:AlfredBernhardN
5、obel(1833–1896),adistinguishedSwedishchemistandindustrialist,providedfortheawardoftheNobelPrizes.Heexperimentedwithdifferentkindsofexplosivessuchanitroglycerin（硝化甘油）anddynamite（达纳炸药，氨爆炸药）,bothdeadlyexplosives.However,hewasapacifistandhefearedthathisinventionsmightfu
6、rtherwarfare.Inhiswillheleftabout$9,000,000inafundtorewardthosewhodidIII.LibraryWorkmostfortheirfellowmeninscience,literature,andpeace.Inhiswill,hespecifiedthattheinterestaccruedbythefund“beannuallydistributedintheformofprizestothosewhoduringtheprecedingyear,shallha
7、veconferredthegreatestbenefitonmankind”inthefieldofphysics,chemistry,physiologyormedicine,literature,andpeace,regardlessofnationality.III.LibraryWork4.theNazis:Nazismisapoliticaldoctrineofracialsupremacy,nationalism,anddictatorship.NaziisanabbreviatedformoftheGerman
8、wordsforNationalSocialism.ItwasAdolfHitler,amemberofNationalSocialistGermanWorkers’Party,whodevelopedtheprogramforNazisminhisbookMeinKampf
