Conceptual Metaphor概念隐喻.ppt

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1、MetaphorWhatismetaphor?Comparisontheory—Metaphorisafigureofspeechinwhichonethingiscomparedtoanotherbysayingthatoneistheother.(Kovecses,2002:vii)Substitutiontheory—Ametaphoricalexpressionisusedinplaceofanequivalentliteralexpressionandis,therefore,completelyreplaceablebyitsliteralcounterpart.(Way

2、,1991:23)Conceptualmetaphortheory—Metaphorisnotsimplyastylisticfeatureoflanguage,butthatthoughtitselfisfundamentallymetaphoricalinnature.Whatmakesitametaphoristheconventionalassociationofonedomainwithanother.Whatmakesitconceptual(ratherthanpurelylinguistic)istheideathatthemotivationforthemetaph

3、orresidesatthelevelofconceptualdomains.(Lakoff&Johnson)MetaphorsandcognitivemodelCognitivemodelistheknowledgeexperiencedandstoredforacertainfieldbyindividuals.IdealizedCognitiveModel,orICM,isthephenomenoninwhichknowledgerepresentedinasemanticframeisoftenaconceptualizationofexperiencethatisnotco

4、ngruentwithreality.Fromacognitivepointofview,thecrucialaspectsofametaphoraretheirroleinthestructureofanentirecognitivemodel.Whatistransferredbymetaphoristhestructure,theinternalrelationsorthelogicofacognitivemodel.Inotherwords,fromacognitiveperspectiveametaphorisamappingofthestructureofasourcem

5、odelontoatargetmodel.MappingLOVEISAJOURNEY传统：（tenor/primaryterm）（vehicle/secondaryterm）当代：(targetdomain)(sourcedomain)Amappingisthesystematicsetofcorrespondencesthatexistbetweenconstituentelementsofthesourceandthetargetdomain.TheunidirectionalityofmetaphorAnimportantobservationmadebyconceptualm

6、etaphortheoristsisthatconceptualmetaphorsareunidirectional.Thismeansthatmetaphorsmapstructurefromasourcedomaintoatargetdomainbutnotviceversa.Forexample:1.PEOPLEAREMACHINESJohnissoefficient;he’sjustamachine.2.MACHINESAREPEOPLEIdon’tthinkmycarwantstostartthismorning.Althoughthesetwometaphorsappea

7、rtobethemirrorimageofoneanother,closeinspectionrevealsthateachmetaphorinvolvesdistinctmappings:inthefirstone,themechanicalandfunctionalattributesassociatedwithcomputeraremappedontopeople,suchastheirspeedandefficiency.Inthesecondme