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1、AnInterculturalStudyofConceptualMetaphorinEnglishandChinese---TakingLoveMetaphorasanExample1DefinitionsofMetaphorTheoriesofmetaphorhavecomeandgonewithoutsheddingmuchlightontheirrolesincognitionandcommunicationuntilrecentlywhenthestudyofmetaphorhasmovedfromprimarilyli
2、teraryandphilosophicalterritorytotherealmsofcognitivelinguistics,andothercognitivedisciplines.Asmoreandmoreabouthumanconceptualsystemhavebeenlearned,theessentialrolesplayedbymetaphoricalthoughthavebecomemoreevident.Theideaoftheabstractconceptssuchaslove,timeorthemean
3、ingsofscientificobservationsarefoundtobeconveyedbycallinguponlanguageandconceptionsnormallyusedinspeakingandthinkingaboutmoreconcreteexperiences.（常宗林，英汉隐喻文化学）1.1TraditionalandnewdefinitionsIntraditionalrhetoric,metaphorisdefinedasthecomparisonofdissimilarthingsorasth
4、etransferenceanditnamesonethingintermsofanother.ThegreatphilosopherAristotlemostlyhadthesameidea.Metaphorisdefinedinthisway,“Metaphoris,formostpeople,adeviceofthepoeticimaginationandtherhetoricalflourish―amatterofextraordinaryratherthanordinarylanguage.Moreover,metap
5、horistypicallyviewedascharacteristicoflanguagealone,amatterofwords…”(G.Lakoff,andM.Johnson,MetaphorsWeLiveBy).Itcanexpressone’sideamoreeffectivelyandvividlyasadevice.Conventionalmetaphorsarepervasiveineverydaylanguageandwearealwaysusingthemwithoutknowingthem.Metaphor
6、hasbeenextendedtoalargerscopeagainandagain,especiallyintherecent20ormoreyears.Fromthetheoryofcognitivescience,wecanknowthat“Theessenceofmetaphorisunderstandingandexperiencingonekindofthingintermsofanother”.(Lakoff,G.andJohnson,M.,MetaphorsWeLiveBy)Definedinthisway,me
7、taphorisacomplexphenomenonoflanguageandthinking.Thatistosay,linguisticmetaphorandconceptualmetaphorarecloselyconnectedtoeachother,andtheformeristheinstantiationofthelatter,whereasthelatterissuper-ordinatecategory.AsTheOxfordEnglishDictionarydefines,metaphoris“thefigu
8、reofspeechinwhichanameordescriptivetermistransferredtosomeobjectdifferentforms,butanalogousto,whattowhichitisproperlyapplicable”.1.
