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1、/品比武汉大号L2012年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题〈满分值100分〉科目名称=英语(B卷〉科目代码:1101注意z所有的答题内容必须写在答题纸上，凡写在试题或草稿纸上的一律无效。Part1ReadingComprehension(2X20=40%)Directions:Inthispartofthetest,therewi/lbe5passagesforyouωread.Eachpassageisfollowedby4questionsorunfinishedstatements,andeachquestionorunfinishedstatement
2、isfollowedbyfourchoicesmarkedA,B,C,andD.Youareωdecideonthebestchoicebyblackeningthecorr时，pondingletterontheANSJJ宫RSHEET.PassageOneAhundredyearsagoitwasassumedandscientifically-平roved"byeconomists由atthelawsofsocietymadeitnecessarytohaveavastarmyofpoorandjoblesspeopleinordertokeepthe
3、economygoing.Today,hardlyanybodywoulddaretovoicethisprinciple.ltisgenerallyacceptedthatnobodyshouldbeexcludedfrom也ewealthofthenation,eitherbythelawsofnatureorbythoseofsociety.Theopinions,whichwerecurrentahundredyearsago,thatthepoorowedtheirconditionstotheirignoranceandlackofrespons
4、ibility,areoutdated.InallWesternindustrializedcountries,asystemofinsurancehasbeenintroducedwhichguaranteeseveryoneaminimumofsubsistenceincaseofunemployment,sicknessandoldage.1wouldgoonestepfurtherandarguethat,eveniftheseconditionsarenotpresent,everyonehastherighttoreceivethemeansto
5、subsist;inotherwords,hecanclaimthissubsistenceminimumwithouthavingtohaveany"reason."1wouldsuggest,however,thatitshouldbelimitedtoadefiniteperiodoftime,let'ssaytwoyears,soastoavoidtheencouragingofanabnormalattitudewhichrefusesanykindofsocialobligation.Thismaysoundlike.afantasticprop
6、osal,butso,1think,ourinsurancesystemwouldhavesoundedωpeopleahundredyearsago.Themainobjectionωsuchaschemewouldbethatifeach.p町sonwereentitledtoreceiveminimumsupport,peoplewouldnotwork.Thisassumptionre~tsonthefallacyoftheinherentlazinessinhumannature.Actually,asidefromabnormallylazype
7、ople,therewouldbeveryfewwhowouldnotwanttoearnmorethantheminimum,andwhowouldpreferto科目名称z英语第1页/共10页电弘donothingratherthanwork.However,thesuspicionsagainstasystemofguaranteedsubsistenceminimumarenotgroundlessfromthestandpointofthosewhowanttouseownershipofcapitalforthepu甲oseofforcingot
8、herstoaccepttheworkconditi
