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2012年复旦大学考博英语试卷（原题来源自辅导班，手工整理，有不完善的地方请理解）词汇1Itwasverydifficulttofindthepartsneededtodothejobbecauseofthe______waythestorewasorganized.AlogicalBhaphazardCorderlyDtidy2MississippialsouploldstheSouth’swell-deservedreputationforwarm,hospitablepeople;balmyyear-roundweather;andtruly______cuisine.AdestructiveBhorribleCamiableDdelectable3Ifsheisstupid,she’s_____pleasanttolookat.AatanyrateBbychanceCatalossDbytheway4Themotherwas_____withgriefwhensheheardthatherchildwasdead.AfantasticBfrankCfranticDfrenzy5Inyourteens,peer-groupfriendshipsmay_____fromparentsasthemajorinfluenceonyou.AtakecontrolBtakeplaceCtakeupDtakeover6Parentsoftenfacedthe___betweendoingwhattheyfeltwasgoodforthedevelopmentofthechildandwhattheycouldstandbywayofundisciplinednoiseanddestructiveness.AparadoxBjunctionCpremiseDdilemma7Therehavebeendemonstrationsonthestreets____therecentterroristattack.AinthewakeofBinthecourseofCinthecontextofDinthelightof8ThousandsofMedicarepatientswithchronicmedicalconditionshavebeenwrongly_____accesstonecessarycare.AgrudgedBdeniedCnegatedDinvalidated9Ithasbeenproposedbymanylinguiststhathumanlanguage______,ourbiologicallyprogrammedabilithtouselanguage,isstillnotwelldefinedandunderstood.ApotentialityBperceptionCfacultyDacquisition10Westernmedicine,_______scienceandpracticedbypeoplewithacademicinternationallyacceptedmedicaldegrees,isonlyoneofmanysystemsofhealing.ArootedinBoriginatedfromCtrappedinDindulgedin11WhenIaskedifablackpoliticiancouldwininFrance,however,heresponded_____:”No,conditionsaredifferenthere.”AambiguouslyBimplicitlyCunhesitatinglyDoptimistically12Thedevelopmentofstaffcohesionandasenseofteameffortintheworkplacecanbeeffectively_______bytheuseofhumor.AacquaintedBinstalledCregulatedDfacilitated13InbothAmericaandEurope,itis_____totipthewaiterorwaitressanywherefrom10%to20%.AelementaryBtemporaryCvoluntaryDcustomary14Suchanapproachforcesmanagerstocommunicatewithoneanotherandhelps______rigiddepartmentalborndaries.ApassoverBstandforCbreakdownDsetoff 15Asateenager,Iwas_____byablindpassionforaslimstarIwouldnevermeetinmylife.ApursuedBseducedCconsumedDguaranteed16Hisoriginalityasacomposeris____bythefollowinggroupofsongs.AexemplifiedBcreatedCperformedDrealized17TheyaregoingtoLondon,buttheir______destinationisRome.AultimateBprimeCnextDcardinal18Thepooroldmanwas_____withdiabetesandwithoutpropertreatmenthewouldlosehiseyesightandbecomecrippledverysoon.AsufferedBafflictedCinducedDinfected19ThebribeandthebridegroomwereoverwhelmedinhappinesswhentheirfamilyofferedtotakethemtoRometo_______themarriage.AterminateBinitiateCconsummateDseparate20Joinsaidthattherichercountriesoftheworldshouldmakea_____efforttohelpthepoorercountries.AfutileBglitteringCfranticDconcentrated21Theproblemisinherentand_______inanydemocracy,butithasbeenmoresevereinoursduringthepastquarter-centurybecauseofthenearuniversaldenigrationofgovernment,politicsandpoliticians.AperishableBperiodicalCperverseDperennial22Asisknowntoall,____commoditieswilldefinitelydoharmtoourlifesoonerorlater.AcounterfeitBfakeCimitativeDfraudulent23Itwouldbe_____tothinkthatthiscouldsolveallthearea’sproblemsstraightaway.AsubtleBfeebleCnastyDnaïve24Itissurprisingthatsuchaninnocent-lookingmanshouldhave____suchacrime.AconfirmedBclarifiedCcommittedDconveryed25Hummansare___,whichenablesthemtomakedicisionsevenwhentheycan’tjustifywhy.ArationalBreasonableChesitantDintuitive26Morethan100____catsthatusedtoroamthestreetsinaChineseprovincehavenowbeencollectedandorganizedintoatramtofightrodentsthataredestroyingcrops.AlooseBtamedCwildDstary27Tosaythathisresignationwasashockwouldbean______-------itcausedpanie.AexcuseBindulgenceCexaggerationDunderstatement28Heretheburdenofhisthoughtisthatthephilosopher,aimingattruth,mustnot____theseductionoftryingtowritebeautifully.AsubjecttoBcarryonCyieldtoDaimat29Ifoundthesubjectverydifficult,andatonetimethoughtIshouldhavetogiveitup,butyoudirectionsaresoclearand____thatIhavesucceededingettingapictureweallthinkpretty,thoughwantinginthetendergraceofyours.AonthepointBoffthepointCtothepointDuptoapoint30Theybothwatchedasthecrimescenetechnicianstooksamplesofvariousfibersandbaggedthem,dustedforfingerprints,tookpicturesandtriedto_____whatcouldhavehappened.ArehearseBreiterateCreinforceDreenact 阅读：AIn1896ageorgiacouplesuingfordamagesinthe accidentaldeathoftheirtwoyearoldwastoldthatsince thechildhadmadenorealeconomiccontributiontothe family,therewasnoliabilityfordamages.incontrast, lessthanacenturylater,in1979,theparentsofathree yearoldsuedinNewYorkforaccidental-deathdamages andwonanawardof$750,000. thetransformationinsocialvaluesimplicitinjuxta- posingthesetwoincidentsisthesubjectofviviana zelizer'sexcellentbook,pricingthepricelesschild. duringthenineteenthcentury,sheargues,theconcept ofthe"useful"childwhocontributedtothefamily economygavewaygraduallytothepresent-daynotion ofthe"useless"childwho,thoughproducingnoincome for,andindeedextremelycostlyto,itsparents,isyet consideredemotionally"priceless."wellestablished amongsegmentsofthemiddleandupperclassesbythe mid-1800's,thisnewviewofchildhoodspreadthrough- outsocietyintheiate-nineteenthandearly-twentieth centuriesasreformersintroducedchild-laborregulations andcompulsoryeducationlawspredicatedinpartonthe assumptionthatachild'semotionalvaluemadechild labortaboo. forzelizertheoriginsofthistransformationwere manyandcomplex.thegradualerosionofchildren's productivevalueinamaturingindustrialeconomy, thedeclineinbirthanddeathrates,especiallyinchild mortality,andthedevelopmentofthecompanionate family(afamilyinwhichmemberswereunitedby explicitbondsofloveratherthanduty)wereallfactors criticalinchangingtheassessmentofchildren'sworth. yet"expulsionofchildrenfromthe'cashnexus,'... althoughclearlyshapedbyprofoundchangesinthe economic,occupational,andfamilystructures,"zelizer maintains."wasalsopartofaculturalprocess'ofsacralization'ofchildren'slives."protectingchildrenfromthe crassbusinessworldbecameenormouslyimportantfor late-nineteenth-centurymiddle-classAmericans,she suggests;thissacralizationwasawayofresistingwhat theyperceivedastherelentlesscorruptionofhuman valuesbythe marketplace. instressingtheculturaldeterminantsofachild's worth.zelizertakesissuewithpractitionersofthenew "sociologicaleconomics,"whohaveanalyzedsuchtraditionallysociologicaltopicsascrime,marriage,education,andhealthsolelyintermsoftheireconomicdeterminants.allowingonlyasmallroleforculturalforces intheformofindividual"preferences,"thesesociologists tendtoviewallhumanbehaviorasdirectedprimarilyby theprincipleofmaximizingeconomicgain.zelizeris highlycriticalofthisapproach,andemphasizesinstead theoppositephenomenon:thepowerofsocialvaluesto transformprice.aschildrenbecamemorevaluablein emotionalterms,sheargues,their"exchange"or"surrender"valueonthemarket,thatis,theconversionof theirintangibleworthintocashterms,becamemuch greater. 1.itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethataccidental-deathdamageawardsinAmericaduringthenineteenthcenturytendedtobebasedprincipallyonthe (a)earningsofthepersonattimeofdeath (b)wealthofthepartycausingthedeath (c)degreeofculpabilityofthepartycausingthedeath (d)amountofmoneythathadbeenspentonthepersonkilled 2.itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatintheearly1800'schildrenweregenerallyregardedbytheirfamiliesasindividualswho (a)neededenormousamountsofsecurityandaffection (b)requiredconstantsupervisionwhileworking (c)wereimportanttotheeconomicwell-beingofafamily (d)wereunsuitedtospendinglonghoursinschool 1.whichofthefollowingalternativeexplanationsofthechangeinthecashvalueofchildrenwouldbemostlikelytobeputforwardbysociologicaleconomistsastheyaredescribedinthepassage? (a)thecashvalueofchildrenroseduringthenineteenthcenturybecauseparentsbegantoincreasetheiremotionalinvestmentintheupbringingof theirchildren. (b)thecashvalueofchildrenroseduringthenineteenthcenturybecausetheirexpectedearningsoverthecourseofalifetimeincreasedgreatly. (c)thecashvalueofchildrenroseduringthenineteenthcenturybecausethespreadofhumanitarianidealsresultedinawholesalereappraisaloftheworthofanindividual (d)thecashvalueofchildrenroseduringthenineteenthcenturybecausecompulsoryeducationlawsreducedthesupply,andthusraisedthecosts,ofavailablechildlabor. 2.theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto (a)reviewtheliteratureinanewacademicsubfield (b)presentthecentralthesisofarecentbook (c)contrasttwoapproachestoanalyzinghistoricalchange (d)refuteatraditionalexplanationofasocialphenomenon 3.zelizerreferstoallofthefollowingasimportantinfluencesinchangingtheassessmentofchildren'sworthexceptchangesin (a)themortalityrate (b)thenatureofindustry (c)thenatureofthefamily (d)attitudestowardreformmovements B AstoutoldladywaswalkingwithherbasketdownthemiddleofastreetinPetrogradtothegreatconfusionofthetrafficandwithnosmallperiltoherself.Itwaspointedouttoherthatthepavementwastheplaceforpedestrians,butshereplied:'I'mgoing towalkwhereIlike.We'vegotlibertynow.'Itdidnotoccurtothedearoldladythatiflibertyentitledthepedestriantowalkdownthemiddleoftheroad,thentheendofsuchlibertywouldbeuniversalchaos.Everybodywouldbegettingineverybodyelse'swayandnobodywouldgetanywhere. Individuallibertywouldhavebecomesocialanarchy.Thereisadangeroftheworldgettingliberty-drunkinthesedaysliketheoldladywiththebasket,anditisjustaswelltoremindourselvesofwhattheruleoftheroadmeans.Itmeansthatinorderthatthelibertiesofallmaybepreserved,the libertiesofeverybodymustbecurtailed.Whenthepoliceman,say,atPiccadillyCircusstepsintothemiddleoftheroadandputsouthishand,heisthesymbolnotoftyranny,but ofliberty.Youmaynotthinkso.Youmay,beinginahurry,andseeingyourcarpulledupbythisinsolenceofoffice,feelthatyour libertyhasbeenoutraged.Howdarethisfellowinterferewithyourfreeuseofthepublichighway?Then,ifyouareareasonableperson,youwillreflectthatifhedidnotinterferewithyou,hewouldinterferewithnoone,andtheresultwouldbethatPiccadillyCircuswouldbeamaelstromthatyouwouldnever crossatall.Youhavesubmittedtoacurtailmentofprivatelibertyinorderthatyoumayenjoyasocialorderwhichmakesyourlibertyareality.Libertyisnotapersonalaffaironly,butasocial contract.Itisanaccommodationofinterests.Inmatterswhichdonottouchanybodyelse'sliberty,ofcourse,ImaybeasfreeasIlike.IfIchoosetogodowntheroadinadressing-gownwhoshallsaymenay?Youhavelibertytolaughatme,butIhavelibertytobeindifferenttoyou.AndifIhaveafancyfordyeingmyhair,orwaxingmymoustache(whichheavenforbid),or wearinganovercoatandsandals,orgoingtobedlateorgettingupearly,Ishallfollowmyfancyandasknoman'spermission.IshallnotinquireofyouwhetherImayeatmustardwithmymutton.Andyouwillnotaskmewhetheryoumayfollowthisreligionorthat,whetheryoumaypreferEllaWheelerWilcoxto Wordsworth,orchampagnetoshandy.InalltheseandathousandotherdetailsyouandIpleaseourselvesandasknoone'sleave.Wehaveawholekingdominwhichwerulealone,candowhatwechoose,bewiseorridiculous,harshoreasy,conventionalorodd.Butdirectlywe stepoutofthatkingdom,ourpersonallibertyofactionbecomesqualifiedbyotherpeople'sliberty.Imightliketopracticeonthetrombonefrommidnighttillthreeinthemorning.IfIwentontothetopofEveresttodoit,Icouldpleasemyself,butifIdoitinmybedroommyfamilywillobject,andifIdoitoutinthestreets theneighborswillremindmethatmylibertytoblowthetrombonemustnotinterferewiththeirlibertytosleepinquiet.Therearealotofpeopleintheworld,andIhavetoaccommodatemylibertytotheirliberties.Weareallliabletoforgetthis,andunfortunatelywearemuch moreconsciousoftheimperfectionsofothersinthisrespectthanofourown.Areasonableconsiderationfortherightsorfeelingsofothersisthefoundationofsocialconduct.Itisinthesmallmattersofconduct,intheobservanceoftheruleoftheroad,thatwepassjudgmentuponourselves,and declarethatwearecivilizedoruncivilized.Thegreatmomentsofheroismandsacrificearerare.Itisthelittlehabitsofcommonplaceintercoursethatmakeupthegreatsumoflifeandsweetenormakebitterthejourney. 1. Theauthormighthavestatedhis‘ruleoftheroad’asA.donotwalkinthemiddleoftheroad B.followtheordersofpolicemen C.donotbehaveinconsideratelyinpublic D.dowhatyoulikeinprivate 2. Theauthor’sattitudetotheoldladyinparagraphoneisA.condescending B.intolerant C.objective Dsupportive3Asituationanalogoustothe‘insolenceofoffice’describedinparagraph2wouldbeA.ateachercorrectinggrammarerrors B.aneditorshorteningthetextofanarticle C.ataxinspectordemandingtoseesomeone’saccounts D.anarmyofficegivingorderstoasoldier 4TheauthorassumesthathemaybeasfreeashelikesinA.allmattersofdressandfood B.anysituationwhichdoesnotinterferewiththelibertyofothers C.anythingthatisnotagainstthelaw D.hisownhome 5 Inthesentence‘Weareallliable..theauthorisA.pointingoutageneralweakness B.emphasizinghismainpoint C.counteringageneralmisconception D.suggestingaremedy C ThenameofFlorenceNightingalelivesinthememoryofthe worldbyvirtueoftheheroicadventureoftheCrimea.Hadshe died-asshenearlydid-uponherreturntoEngland,her reputationwouldhardlyhavebeendifferent;herlegendwould 5 havecomedowntousalmostasweknowittoday-thatgentle visionoffemalevirtuewhichfirsttookshapebeforetheadoring eyesofthesicksoldiersatScutari.Yet,asamatteroffact,she livedformorethanhalfacenturyaftertheCrimeanWar;and duringthegreaterpartofthatlongperiodalltheenergyandallthe 10 devotionofherextraordinarynaturewereworkingattheir highestpitch.Whatsheaccomplishedinthoseyearsofunknown laborcould,indeed,hardlyhavebeenmoregloriousthanher Crimeantriumphs;butitwascertainlymoreimportant.Thetrue historywasfarstrangereventhanthemyth.InMissNightingale's 15 owneyestheadventureoftheCrimeawasamereincident- scarcelymorethanausefulstepping-stoneinhercareer.Itwasthe fulcrumwithwhichshehopedtomovetheworld;butitwas onlythefulcrum.Formorethanagenerationshewastositin secret,workingherlever:andherreallifebeganatthevery 20 momentwhen,inpopularimagination,ithadended. ShearrivedinEnglandinashatteredstateofhealth.The hardshipsandtheceaselesseffortsofthelasttwoyearshad underminedhernervoussystem;herheartwasaffected;she sufferedconstantlyfromfainting-fitsandterribleattacksofutter 25 physicalprostration.Thedoctorsdeclaredthatonethingalone wouldsaveher-acompleteandprolongedrest.Butthatwasalso theonethingwithwhichshewouldhavenothingtodo.Shehad neverbeeninthehabitofresting;whyshouldshebeginnow? Now,whenheropportunityhadcomeatlast;now,whentheiron 30 washot,anditwastimetostrike?No;shehadworktodo;and, comewhatmight,shewoulddoit.Thedoctorsprotestedinvain; invainherfamilylamentedandentreated,invainherfriends pointedouttoherthemadnessofsuchacourse.Madness?Mad- possessed-perhapsshewas.Afrenzyhadseizeduponher.As 35 shelayuponhersofa,gasping,shedevouredblue-books,dictated letters,and,intheintervalsofherpalpitations,crackedjokes.For monthsatastretchsheneverleftherbed.Butshewouldnotrest. Atthisrate,thedoctorsassuredher,evenifshedidnotdie,she wouldbecomeaninvalidforlife.Shecouldnothelpthat;there 40 wasworktobedone;and,asforrest,verylikelyshemightrest... whenshehaddoneit. Wherevershewent,toLondonorinthecountry,inthehills ofDerbyshire,oramongtherhododendronsatEmbley,shewas hauntedbyaghost.ItwasthespecterofScutari-thehideous 45 visionoftheorganizationofamilitaryhospital.Shewouldlaythat phantom,orshewouldperish.Thewholesystemofthe ArmyMedicalDepartment,theeducationoftheMedicalOfficer, theregulationsofhospitalprocedure...rest?Howcouldshe rest whilethesethingswereastheywere,while,ifthelikenecessity 50 weretoariseagain,thelikeresultswouldfollow?And,evenin peaceandathome,whatwasthesanitaryconditionoftheArmy? Themortalityinthebarracks,was,shefound,nearlydoublethe mortalityincivillife.'Youmightaswelltake1,100menevery yearoutuponSalisburyPlainandshootthem,'shesaid.After 55 inspectingthehospitalsatChatham,shesmiledgrimly.'Yes,this isonemoresymptomofthesystemwhich,intheCrimea,putto death16,000men.'Scutarihadgivenherknowledge;andithad givenherpowertoo:herenormousreputationwasatherback- anincalculableforce.Otherwork,otherduties,mightliebefore 60 her;butthemosturgent,themostobvious,ofallwastolookto thehealthoftheArmy.1. Accordingtotheauthor,theworkdoneduringthelastfiftyyearsofFlorenceNightingale'slifewas,whencomparedwithherworkintheCrimea,allofthefollowingexceptA.lessdramatic B.lessdemanding C.lesswell-knowntothepublic D.moreimportant 2ParagraphtwopaintsapictureofawomanwhoisA.mentallyshattered B.stubbornandquerulous C.physicallyweakbutmentallyindomitable D.purposefulyettiresome 3. Theprimarypurposeofparagraph3istoA.accountforconditionsinthearmy B.showtheneedforhospitalreform C.explainMissNightingale'smainconcerns D.arguethatpeacetimeconditionswereworsethanwartimeconditions 4Theauthor'sattitudetohismaterialisA.disinterestedreportingofbiographicaldetails B.over-inflationofareputation C.debunkingamyth D.interpretationaswellasnarration5Inherstatement(lines53-54)MissNightingaleintendedtoA.criticizetheconditionsinhospitals B.highlighttheunhealthyconditionsunderwhichordinarysoldierswereliving C.provethatconditionsinthebarrackswereasbadasthoseinamilitaryhospital D.ridiculethedangersofarmylife DHowmanyreallysufferasaresultoflabormarketproblems?Thisisoneofthemostcriticalyetcontentioussocialpolicyquestions.Inmanyways,oursocialstatisticsexaggeratethedegreeofhardship.Unemploymentdoesnothavethesamedireconsequencestodayasitdidinthe1930’swhenmostoftheunemployedwereprimarybreadwinners,whenincomeandearningswereusuallymuchclosertothemarginofsubsistence,andwhentherewerenocountervailingsocialprogramsforthosefailinginthelabormarket.Increasingaffluence,theriseoffamilieswithmorethanonewageearner,thegrowingpredominanceofsecondaryearnersamongtheunemployed,andimprovedsocialwelfareprotectionhaveunquestionablymitigatedtheconsequencesofjoblessness.Earningsand incomedataalsooverstatethedimensionsofhardship.Amongthemillionswithhourlyearningsatorbelowtheminimumwagelevel,theoverwhelmingmajorityarefrommultiple-earner,relativelyaffluentfamilies.Mostofthosecountedbythepovertystatisticsareelderlyorhandicappedorhavefamilyresponsibilitieswhichkeepthemoutofthelaborforce,sothepovertystatisticsarebynomeansanaccurateindicatoroflabormarketpathologies.Yettherearealsomanywaysoursocialstatisticsunderestimatethedegreeoflabor-market-relatedhardship.Theunemploymentcountsexcludethemillionsoffullyemployedworkerswhosewagesaresolowthattheirfamiliesremaininpoverty.Lowwagesandrepeatedorprolongedunemploymentfrequentlyinteracttounderminethecapacityforself-support.Sincethenumberexperiencingjoblessnessatsometimeduringtheyearisseveraltimesthenumberunemployedinanymonth,thosewhosufferasaresultofforcedidlenesscanequalorexceedaverageannualunemployment,eventhoughonlyaminorityofthejoblessinanymonthreallysuffer.Foreverypersoncountedinthemonthlyunemploymenttallies,thereisanotherworkingpart-timebecauseoftheinabilitytofindfull-timework,orelseoutsidethelaborforcebutwantingajob.Finally,incometransfersinourcountryhavealwaysfocusedontheelderly,disabled,anddependent,neglectingtheneedsoftheworkingpoor,sothatthedramaticexpansionofcashandin-kindtransfersdoesnotnecessarilymeanthatthosefailinginthelabormarketareadequatelyprotected. Asaresultofsuchcontradictoryevidence,itisuncertainwhetherthosesufferingseriouslyasaresultoflabormarketproblemsnumberinthehundredsofthousandsorthetensofmillions,and,hence,whetherhighlevelsofjoblessnesscanbetoleratedormustbecounteredbyjobcreationandeconomicstimulus.Thereisonlyoneareaofagreementinthisdebate—thattheexistingpoverty,employment,andearningsstatisticsareinadequateforonetheirprimaryapplications,measuringtheconsequencesoflabormarketproblems. 1.Whichofthefollowingistheprincipaltopicofthepassage? (A)Whatcauseslabormarketpathologiesthatresultinsuffering (B)Whyincomemeasuresareimpreciseinmeasuringdegreesofpoverty (C)Wheretheareasofagreementareamongpoverty,employment,andearningsfigures (D)Howsocialstatisticsgiveanunclearpictureofthedegreeofhardshipcausedbylowwagesandinsufficientemploymentopportunities 2.Theauthoruses“labormarketproblems”inlines1-2torefertowhichofthefollowing? (A)Theoverallcausesofpoverty (B)Deficienciesinthetrainingoftheworkforce (C)Traderelationshipsamongproducersofgoods (D)Shortagesofjobsprovidingadequateincome3Whichofthefollowingproposalsbestrespondstotheissuesraisedbytheauthor? (A)Innovativeprogramsusingmultipleapproachesshouldbesetuptoreducethelevelofunemployment. (B)Acompromiseshouldbefoundbetweenthepositionsofthosewhoviewjoblessnessasanevilgreaterthaneconomiccontrolandthosewhoholdtheoppositeview. (C)Newstatisticalindicesshouldbedevelopedtomeasurethedegreetowhichunemploymentandinadequatelypaidemploymentcausesuffering. (D)Considerationshouldbegiventothewaysinwhichstatisticscanactaspartialcausesofthephenomenathattheypurporttomeasure.4Theauthorstatesthatthemitigatingeffectofsocialprogramsinvolvingincometransfersontheincomeleveloflow-incomepeopleisoftennotfeltby (A)theemployedpoor (B)dependentchildreninsingle-earnerfamilies (C)workerswhobecomedisabled (D)retiredworkers5Accordingtothepassage,onefactorthatcausesunemploymentandearningsfigurestooverpredicttheamountofeconomichardshipisthe (A)recurrenceofperiodsofunemploymentforagroupoflow-wageworkers (B)possibilitythatearningsmaybereceivedfrommorethanonejobperworker (C)factthatunemploymentcountsdonotincludethosewhoworkforlowwagesandremainpoor (D)establishmentofasystemofrecord-keepingthatmakesitpossibletocompilepovertystatistics完形填空Aschildrenwestart_____anaturalcuriosityabouteverythingaroundus,andduringthematurationprocessthiscuriositycanbestimulated,bufferedorseverelyattenuatedbyourenvironmentandexperience.Thefuturesuccessofresearchinscienceandengineeringdepends___oursocietyrecognizingthecrucialroleplayedbystimylationofmentalprocessesearlyinlife.Patternrecognition,analyticalthinkingandsimilarabilitiesneedtobestimulatedfrombirthonward.Todestroythisnaturalcuriosityortoattenuatethejoyofdiscoveryisthegreatestdisservicewedo____tothedevelopingperson.Forthosewhoreachmaturitywiththeirnaturalcuriosityintactandenhancedbyeducation,thejoyofdiscoveryisastrongdriverofsuccess.Butwhyareso_____ofourcapablestudentspursuingthelevelofeducationrequiredforasuccessfulresearchcareer?Isit______wehavedampanedtheircuriosity?Havewefailedtoletthemexperiencethejoyofdiscovery?isitbecausetoomanyofuscurrentlyinvolved_____theresearchenterprisehavebecomedisenchantedwithourcircumstancesandthereforepaintableakfutureforpotentialscienctistsandengineers?Perhapsentirelydifferentfactorsare____playinthedecisiontonotbecomescientistsandengineers.Wehavetoofrequentlyportrayedscienceandengineeringasprofessionsthatareall-encompassing.Wehaveportrayedresearchasaprofessionthatrequireslongandgruelinghoursinthelaboratorytoachievesuccess.Wehave____topromotetheexcitementandexhilarationofdiscovery.Wehavenotpromotedthefactthatitisnotonlyverycommon____veryreasonabletohaveasuccessfulresearchcareerandanexcitingandnormalpersonallife.翻译：由小学到中学，所修习的无非是一些普通的基本知识。就是大学四年，所授课业也还是相当粗浅的学识。世人常称大学为“最高学府”，这名称易滋误解，好象过此以上即无学问可言。大学的研究所才是初步研究学问的所在，在这里做学问也只能算是粗涉藩篱，注重的是研究学问的方法与实习。学无止境，一生的时间都嫌太短，所以古人皓首穷经，头发白了还是在继续研究，不过在这样的研究中确是有浓厚的趣味。写作题：SteveJobs名言：1Stayhungry,stayfoolish2Welivetochangetheworld.任选一题300字词汇答案：BDACDDABCACDDAC AABCDBBDCCDDCCD阅读答案：1ACBBD2CACBA3BCCDB4DDCA(最后一题无答案)完形答案WithontofewbecauseAsinatfailedbut翻译答案：参考http://sl.iciba.com/viewthread-63-664005-1.shtml
