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时间:2020-01-11
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1、1.ImportantRoleofTranslationAsameansofcommunication,translationplaysanimportantroleinhumancivilization.Aproperandskillfultranslationhelpstopromotemutualunderstandingbetweenpeoplesofdifferentculturalandsocialbackgrounds,whereasamisunderstandingorimproperrenderingofwordsore
2、xpressionsmayleadtoconfusionevendisasters.2.DefinitionofTranslationTheOxfordEnglishDictionary:toturnfromonelanguageintoanother(从一种语言转换成另一种语言)Webster’sthirdNewInternationalDictionaryoftheEnglishLanguage:toturnintoone’sownoranotherlanguage(转换成本族语或另一种语言)Thegeneralsubjectf
3、ieldorphenomenon.Theproduct,thetextthathasbeentranslated.Theprocessofproducingthetranslation,otherwiseknownastranslating.3.NatureoftranslationHowdoyouperceivetranslation?Somepeoplebelieveitisascience,otherstakeitasanart;andyetmanyconsideritacraft,orrather,askill.4.Whatis
4、translationgenerallyunderstood?Meetham&HudsonTranslationisthereplacementofarepresentationofatextinonelanguagebyarepresentationofanequivalenttextinasecondlanguage.(1972)BellTranslationistheexpressioninanotherlanguage(ortargetlanguage)ofwhathasbeenexpressedinanother,sourc
5、elanguage,preservingsemanticandstylisticequivalences.(1991)5.ScopeofTranslationTranslationcoversaverybroadrange.1)Intermsoflanguages,itcanbedividedintotwocategories:fromnativelanguagesintoforeignlanguagesandviceversa;2)Intermsoflanguagesymbolsitcanbedividedinto[RomanJakob
6、son]intralingualtranslation(语内翻译):aninterpretationofverbalsignsbymeansofothersignsofthesamelanguage;[itoccurswhenweproducesummaryorotherwiserewriteatextinthesamelanguage,sayachildern’sversionofanencyclopedia.Itoccurswhenwerephraseanexpressioninthesamelanguage.]interling
7、ualtranslation(语际翻译):aninterpretationofverbalsignsbymeansofsomeotherlanguage;[itoccursbetweentwodifferentverbalsignsystemsthathasbeenthetranditionalfocusoftranslationstudies.]intersemiotictranslation(符际翻译):aninterpretationofverbalsignsbymeansofsignsofnon-verbalsignsystem
8、s.[itoccurswhenawrittentextistranslatedintoadifferentmode,suchasfilmorpainting.]3)Intermsofthemo
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