立体美国--政治体制

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1、Chapter3PoliticalSystemI•GovernmentTheConstitutionoftheUnitedStatesofAmericafollowstwoprinciples:thefederalsystemandthe"separationofpowers.〃TheconstitutiongivestheexecutivepowertothePresidentalone.ThepowersenjoyedbythePresidentarelargerthanthosegivenbytheConstitution.Alltheexecutivedepartment

2、sandindependentagenciesareresponsibletothePresident，whoisnotboundtoberesponsibletoCongress.CongressconsistsoftheSenateandtheHouseofRepresentatives.Congresshasthepowertomakeanylawsthatareconsidered"necessaryandproper/ThereisadivisionofpowerbetweenthetwoHousesofCongress.MuchoftheworkofCongressi

3、sdoneincommittees.Therearetwoseparatesystemsoflawsandcourts:thefederalsystemandthestatesystem.ThefederalcourtsystemconsistsofoneSupremeCourt,elevencourtsofappealand91districtcourts.Threebranchesofthefederalgovernmentaresupposedtobeindependentofeachother,eachcheckingtheothertwosothatnoonecange

4、tallthepower.1.TheConstitutionTheUnitedStatesisafederalunionof50states・ThesystemofgovernmentislaiddownintheConstitutionoftheUnitedStates,whichwasframedinPhiladelphiain1787andratifiedin1789.TheConstitutionfollowstwoprinciples:thefederalsystemandthe'"separationofpowers/'Thefederalsystemmeanstha

5、tthestateshavetherighttoself-government.Inotherworlds,thereisadivisionofpowersbetweenthefederalgovernmentandthestategovernments.Thereisalsoadivisionofpowersamongthethreebranchesofthefederalgovernment:thelegislativebranch,theexecutivebranchandthejudicialbranch.Congressexercisesthelegislativepo

6、wer,thePresident，theexecutivepower;andtheSupremeCourt,thejudicialpower.Theyaresupposedtobeindependentofeachother,buteachcheckstheothertwosothatnoonecangetallthepower.Thisarrangementisknownasthe"separationofpowers；whichcallsfor"checksandbalances."Theprinciplesoundsfin巳butinpractice,thereisno,a

7、ndcannotbe,any"separationofpowers/asthefederalgovernmenttendstodirectorinfluencethepoliciesofthestatesandthepowerofthePresidenthaskeptenlarging.乙ThePresidentThePresidentoftheUnitedStatesisboththeheadofstateandtheheadofgovernment.TheConstituti