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1、AQuestionofFocus“Itappearsthatthewaypeopleperceivetheworldismuchmoreimportanttohappinessthanobjectivecircumstances.”EdDienerEmotionsdeterminedbyexternalandinternalChoiceoffocus“Tothedifferentminds,thesameworldisahell,andaheaven.”RalphWaldoEmerson“Nothingisgoo
2、dorbadbutthinkingmakesitso.”WilliamShakespeareTwoArchetypesTheFault-Finder“Thefault-finderwillfindfaultseveninparadise”HenryDavidThoreauCouldleadtoresignationTheBenefit-Finder(Bower,2007)CouldleadtodetachmentTheneedtorespectreality“Theinvariablemarkofwisdomis
3、toseethemiraculousinthecommon.”RalphWaldoEmersonWeCo-CreateOurReality“Nowhoweverfixedtheseelementsofrealitymaybe,westillhaveacertainfreedominourdealingswiththem.Takeoursensations.Thattheyareisundoubtedlybeyondourcontrol;butwhichweattendto,note,andmakeemphatic
4、inourconclusionsdependsonourowninterests;and,accordingaswelaytheemphasishereorthere,quitedifferentformulationsoftruthresult.Wereadthesamefactsdifferently.‘Waterloo,’withthesamefixeddetails,spellsa‘victory’foranenglishman;forafrenchmanitspellsa‘defeat.’So,fora
5、noptimistphilosophertheuniversespellsvictory,forapessimist,defeat.Whatwesayaboutrealitythusdependsontheperspectiveintowhichwethrowit.”WilliamJamesWeCo-CreateOurRealityIsn’titstrangehowprincesandkings, andclownsthatcaperinsawdustrings, andcommonpeople,likeyoua
6、ndme, arebuildersforeternity?Eachisgivenalistofrules; ashapelessmass;abagoftools. Andeachmustfashion,erelifeisflown, Astumblingblock,oraStepping-Stone.R.L.SharpAMatterofInterpretation“Neverletagoodcrisisgotowaste.”AnneHarbison“Thingsdon’tnecessarilyhappenfort
7、hebest,butsomepeopleareabletomakethebestofthingsthathappen.”AMatterofInterpretation“Apessimistseesthedifficultyineveryopportunity;anoptimistseestheopportunityineverydifficulty.”WinstonChurchillAQuestionofInterpretationTheworldaccordingtothefault-finderThe(sam
8、e)worldaccordingtothebenefit-finderTheBenefitsofBeingaBenefitFinderWell-being(Thompson,1985)HealthAfflecketal.(1987)Bower(1998)King&Miner(2000)Longevity“Thejoyfulnessofamanprolongethhisda
