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1、外文翻译原文TechnologyandCompetitiveAdvantageMaterialSource:《CompetitiveAdvantage》Author:MichaelE.PorterTechnologicalchangeisoneoftheprincipaldriversofcompetition.Itplaysamajorroleinindustrystructuralchange,aswellasincreatingnewindustries.Itisalsoagreatequalizer,erodin
2、gthecompetitiveadvantageofevenwell-entrenchedfirmsandpropellingotherstotheforefront.Manyoftoday'sgreatfirmsgrewoutoftechnologicalchangesthattheywereabletoexploit.Ofallthethingsthatcanchangetherulesofcompetition,technologicalchangeisamongthemostprominent.Despiteit
3、simportance,however,therelationshipbetweentechnologicalchangeandcompetitioniswidelymisunderstood.Technologicalchangetendstobeviewedasvaluableforitsownsake-anytechnologicalmodificationafirmcanpioneerisbelievedtobegood.Competingin"hightechnology"industriesiswidelyp
4、erceivedasbeingatickettoprofitability,whileotherindustriesthatare"low-technology"areviewedwithdisdain.Therecentsuccessofforeigncompetition,muchofitbasedontechnologicalinnovation,hasencouragedcompaniesevenmoretoinvestintechnology,insomecasesuncritically.Technologi
5、calchangeisnotimportantforitsownsake,butisimportantifitaffectscompetitiveadvantageandindustrystructure.Notalltechnologicalchangeisstrategicallybeneficial;itmayworsenafirm'scompetitivepositionandindustryattractiveness.Hightechnologydoesnotguaranteeprofitability.In
6、deed,manyhigh-technologyindustriesaremuchlessprofitablethansome"low-technology"industriesduetotheirunfavorablestructures.Technology,however,pervadesafirm'svaluechainandextendsbeyondthosetechnologiesassociateddirectlywiththeproduct.Thereis,infact,nosuchthingasalow
7、technologyindustryifonetakesthisbroaderview.Viewinganyindustryastechnologicallymatureoftenleadstostrategicdisaster.Moreover,manyimportantinnovationsforcompetitiveadvantagearemundaneandinvolvenoscientificbreakthroughs.Innovationcanhaveimportantstrategicimplication
8、sforlowtechaswellashitechcompanies.TechnologyandCompetitionAnyfirminvolvesalargenumberoftechnologies.Everythingafirmdoesinvolvetechnologyofsomesort,despitethef
