公共管理引论

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1、公#管理利说方佐鸟秦例CaseReadingsonPublicManagementDr.XingQiangguo1.TheFunctionofGovernment1-82.TheConstitutionalFramework8-123.StrategicPlanning12-144.PolicyEvaluation15-205.GovernmentalOrganizations20-286.TheArtofLeadership28-337.PublicBudgetTypes33-378.E-Govemment37-419

2、.Art,ScienceorCraft41-4710.PrivatizationRevisited47-5011.TheRoleofLeadership50-55西南财经大学SWUFESeptember1，2004CaseReading1TheFunctionsofGovernmentbyPaulA.SamuelsonandWilliamD・NordhausWearebeginningtogiveapictureofhowgovernmentdirectsandinteractswiththeeconomy.Whatar

3、etheappropriateeconomicgoalsforgovernmentactioninamodernsociety?Let'sexaminethefourmajorfunctions:1.Improvingeconomicefficiency2.Improvingthedistributionofincome3.Stabilizingtheeconomythroughmacroeconomicpolicies4.ConductinginternationaleconomicpolicyImprovingEco

4、nomicEfficiencyAcentraleconomicpurposeofgovernmentistoassistinthesociallydesirableallocationofresources.Thisisthemicroeconomicsideofgovernmentpolicy;itconcentratesonwhatandhoweconomiclife.Microeconomicpoliciesdifferamongcountriesaccordingtocustomsandpoliticalphil

5、osophies.Somecountriesemphasizeahands-offlaissez-faireapproach,leavingmostdecisionstothemarket.Othercountriesleantowardheavygovernmentregulation,orevenownershipofbusinesses,inwhichproductionsaremadebygovernmentplanners.TheUnitedStatesisfundamentallyamarketeconomy

6、.Oneverymicroeconomicissue,mostpeoplepresumethatthemarketwillsolveeconomicproblemathand・Butsometimesthereisgoodreasonforgovernmenttooverridetheallocationdecisionsofmarketsupplyanddemand.TheLimitsoftheInvisibleHandChapter15explainedhowtheinvisiblehandofperfectcomp

7、etitionwouldleadtoanefficientallocationofresources.Butthisinvisiblehandresultholdsonlyunderverylimitedconditions.Allgoodsmustbeproducedefficientlybyperfectlycompetitivefirms.Allgoodsmustbeprivategoodslikeloavesofbread,thetotalofwhichcanbeputupintoseparateslicesof

8、consumptionfordifferentindividuals,sothatthemoreIconsumeputofthetotal,thelessyouconsume.Therecanbenoexternalitieslikeairpollution.Consumersandfirmsmustbefullyi